Human Health Effects:
Human Toxicity Excerpts:
Acute clinical effects depend on the site of hemorrhage & include hemoptysis,
hematuria, gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal or back pain (retroperitoneal hemorrhage),
hemarthrosis, epistaxis, cerebrovascular accidents, & multiple ecchymotic lesions.
/Anticoagulant rodenticides/
The usual mode of death is gastrointestinal hemorrhage. /Anticoagulant rodenticides/
The therapy of accidental poisoning in two children aged 2 and 3 yr who had taken long
acting bromadiolone was reported. Treatment consisted of high dose iv factor IX complex
and phytonadione (vitamin Kl)in the first patient and 20 mg of iv and oral phytonadione in
the second patient. It was concluded that there is a need to give phytonadione in high
dose over a prolonged time because these superwarfarin rodenticides are far more potent
and have a longer half-life than other warfarin type compounds.
Medical Surveillance:
A complete history and physical examination: The purpose is to detect preexisting
conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk, and to establish a
baseline for future health monitoring. Persons with a history of blood disorders with
bleeding tendencies would be expected to be at increased risk from exposure. Examination
of the blood should be stressed. /Warfarin/
Emergency Medical Treatment:
Emergency Medical Treatment:
| EMT Copyright Disclaimer: |
| Portions of the POISINDEX(R) database are provided here for general
reference. THE COMPLETE POISINDEX(R) DATABASE, AVAILABLE FROM MICROMEDEX, SHOULD BE
CONSULTED FOR ASSISTANCE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC CASES. Copyright
1974-1998 Micromedex, Inc. Denver, Colorado. All Rights Reserved. Any duplication,
replication or redistribution of all or part of the POISINDEX(R) database is a violation
of Micromedex' copyrights and is strictly prohibited. The following Overview, *** BROMADIOLONE ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical. |
| Life Support: |
o This overview assumes that basic life support measures
have been instituted.
|
| Clinical Effects: |
SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE
0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Bromadiolone is a derivative of 4-hydroxycoumarin. In
massive overdose, these agents have produced rapid and
persistent hypoprothrombinemia and associated bleeding
diathesis. Once coagulation defects occur, they may
persist for weeks to months. Daily exposures are
likely to produce cumulative toxicity. No chronic data
were found for bromadiolone in humans, however. This
review is based on the properties of coumarin and other
long-acting anticoagulants.
HEENT
0.2.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Epistaxis may be noted.
NEUROLOGIC
0.2.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Death due to massive hemorrhage, preceded by headache,
loss of consciousness, and seizures, has been described
after massive brodifacoum ingestion.
GASTROINTESTINAL
0.2.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Spontaneous emesis may occur.
HEMATOLOGIC
0.2.13.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Hemorrhage is the most common toxic sign and may be
manifested by epistaxis, gum bleeding, hemoptysis,
hematuria, GI bleeding, ecchymosis, bloody or melenotic
stools, bruising, abdominal and flank pain. Lengthened
prothrombin time may be evident within 24 hours and
maximal in 36 to 72 hours. In overdose PT and INR
prolongation and clinical bleeding have persisted for
45 days to 8 months.
0.2.13.2 CHRONIC EXPOSURE
o The hemorrhagic effects are generally cumulative with
repeated exposure.
DERMATOLOGIC
0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Ecchymoses and hematomas occur due to reduced clotting
capacity.
IMMUNOLOGIC
0.2.19.2 CHRONIC EXPOSURE
o Coumarin may be a mild allergen.
REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS
o No reproductive studies were found for bromodiolone, but
spontaneous abortion occurred in a case of brodifacoum
ingestion. Some coumarin derivatives, principally
warfarin, are known human teratogens.
CARCINOGENICITY
0.2.21.2 HUMAN OVERVIEW
o At the time of this review, no data were available to
assess the carcinogenic potential of this agent.
GENOTOXICITY
o At the time of this review, no data were available to
assess the mutagenic or genotoxic potential of this
agent.
OTHER
0.2.23.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Bromadiolone is poisonous by the oral route. Because
of its high toxicity, it is likely to be hazardous by
other routes.
0.2.23.2 CHRONIC EXPOSURE
o Cumulative toxicity is likely.
|
| Laboratory: |
o Monitor prothrombin time and INR and PTT. Obtain PT and
INR at 24 and 48 hours postingestion. If any prolongation
is observed, repeat PT and INR every 6 to 12 hours.
o Factor assays (II, VII, IX, X) may be abnormal in patients
with a normal PT, INR, and PTT. Vitamin K therapy should
not be discontinued until factor assays are normal.
|
| Treatment Overview: |
ORAL EXPOSURE
o Emesis is contraindicated in patients with a prolonged
PT and INR due to the risk of bleeding following
ipecac-induced increased intracranial pressure. Ipecac
may be indicated in the home setting for pediatric
patients with an accurate history of recent one-time
acute ingestion of these rodenticides.
1. EMESIS: Use is controversial. May be indicated in the
prehospital setting if administered soon (within 30
minutes) after substantial ingestion.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: loss of airway protective reflexes;
CNS depression; seizures; ingestion of a substance that
might impair airway protective reflexes or require
advanced life support within 60 minutes; ingestion of a
corrosive substance or hydrocarbon with high aspiration
potential; debilitated patient. (Dose of Ipecac Syrup:
ADULT: 15 - 30 mL; CHILD 1 to 12 years: 15 mL; CHILD
6 to 12 months of age: 5 - 10 mL; CHILD under 6 months
of age: Not recommended for prehospital use.).
o GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a
potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can
be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1
hour). Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg and
left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal
intubation. Control any seizures first.
1. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes
or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated
patients; following ingestion of corrosives;
hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at
risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and
trivial or non-toxic ingestion.
o ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/CATHARTIC: Administer charcoal
slurry, aqueous or mixed with saline cathartic or
sorbitol. The FDA suggests 240 mL of diluent/30 g of
charcoal. Usual charcoal dose is 25 to 100 grams in
adults and adolescents, 25 to 50 grams in children (1 to
12 years old), and 1 gram/kilogram in infants less than
1 year old.
1. Routine use of cathartics is NOT recommended. If used,
administer only ONE dose of cathartic. Administer one
dose of a cathartic, mixed with charcoal or given
separately. See "Treatment: Prevention of Absorption"
in the main document.
o FOR PATIENT PRESENTLY ON ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY - Careful
gastric lavage followed by frequent analysis of gastric
return for blood is permissible, when the physician
keeps in mind that GI hemorrhage is a possibility.
o VITAMIN K1 (PHYTONADIONE) - Is a specific antidote and
should be administered to any patient with a prolonged
PT or INR. Menadione (vitamin K3) should NOT be used.
Oral therapy may be indicated in small ingestions or
when the amount is uncertain. Administer 15 to 25 mg in
adult and 5 to 10 mg in children. Daily maintenance
doses of 100 to 125 mg/day may be required for 1.5 to 8
months. IV or SC injection is preferable in severe
cases where rapid correction is required. DOSE - ADULTS
10 mg IV or SC diluted in saline or glucose at a rate
not exceeding 5 percent of the total dose/min. DOSE:
ADULT 5 to 10 mg. CHILD - 1 to 5 mg.
o There is no specific therapeutic maneuver other than
restoration of PT and/or INR level to normal if toxicity
occurs. Exchange transfusion, fresh whole blood or
plasma may be considered. Fresh frozen plasma is the
most rapid effective method of stopping hemorrhage.
o PATIENTS PRESENTLY ON ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY - Get PT or
INR immediately. If patient is anticoagulated for
prosthetic valve or other procedure requiring absolute
anticoagulation, do not give vitamin K unless
anticoagulation is excessive. Give a small IV or SC
dose (1 to 5 mg and titrate to return PT or INR to
therapeutic). Substitution of heparin as an
anticoagulant may be necessary until PT and/or INR is
therapeutic.
INHALATION EXPOSURE
o INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for
respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing
develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation,
bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and
assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with
beta2 agonist and corticosteroid aerosols.
o VITAMIN K1 (PHYTONADIONE) - is a specific antidote and
should be administered to any patient with a prolonged
PT or INR. Menadione (vitamin K3) should NOT be used.
Oral therapy may be indicated in small ingestions or
when the amount is uncertain. Administer 15 to 25 mg in
adult and 5 to 10 mg in children. Daily maintenance
doses of 100 to 125 mg/day may be required for 1.5 to 8
months. IV or SC injection is preferable in severe
cases where rapid correction is required. DOSE - ADULTS
- 10 mg IV or SC diluted in saline or glucose at a rate
not exceeding 5 percent of the total dose/min. DOSE -
ADULT - 5 to 10 mg. CHILD - 1 to 5 mg.
o There is no specific therapeutic maneuver other than
restoration of PT and INR level to normal if toxicity
occurs. Exchange transfusion, fresh frozen plasma may
be considered. Fresh frozen plasma is the most rapid
effective method of stopping hemorrhage.
o PATIENTS PRESENTLY ON ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY - Get PT
and/or INR immediately. If patient is anticoagulated
for prosthetic valve or other procedure requiring
absolute anticoagulation, do not give vitamin K unless
anticoagulation is excessive. Give a small IV or SC
dose (1 to 5 mg and titrate to return PT or INR to
therapeutic). Substitution of heparin as an
anticoagulant may be necessary until PT or INR is
therapeutic.
EYE EXPOSURE
o DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious
amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes. If
irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia
persist, the patient should be seen in a health care
facility.
o Follow treatment recommendations in the DERMAL EXPOSURE
section where appropriate.
DERMAL EXPOSURE
o DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash
exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A
physician may need to examine the area if irritation or
pain persists.
o VITAMIN K1 (PHYTONADIONE) - is a specific antidote and
should be administered to any patient with a prolonged
PT or INR. Menadione (vitamin K3) should NOT be used.
Oral therapy may be indicated in small ingestions or
when the amount is uncertain. Administer 15 to 25 mg in
adult and 5 to 10 mg in children. Daily maintenance
doses of 100 to 125 mg/day may be required for 1.5 to 8
months. IV or SC injection is preferable in severe
cases where rapid correction is required. DOSE - ADULTS
10 mg IV or SC diluted in saline or glucose at a rate
not exceeding 5 percent of the total dose/min. DOSE -
ADULT - 5 to 10 mg. CHILD - 1 to 5 mg.
o There is no specific therapeutic maneuver other than
restoration of PT and INR level to normal if toxicity
occurs. Exchange transfusion, fresh frozen plasma may
be considered. Fresh frozen plasma is the most rapid
effective method of stopping hemorrhage.
o PATIENTS PRESENTLY ON ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY - Get PT
and/or INR immediately. If patient is anticoagulated
for prosthetic valve or other procedure requiring
absolute anticoagulation, do not give vitamin K unless
anticoagulation is excessive. Give a small IV or SC
dose (1 to 5 mg and titrate to return PT or INR to
therapeutic). Substitution of heparin as an
anticoagulant may be necessary until PT and/or INR is
therapeutic.
|
Antidote and Emergency Treatment:
1. IF AMOUNTS OF BAIT INGESTED WERE ASSUREDLY NO MORE THAN A FEW MOUTHFULS OF COUMARIN-
OR INDANDIONE-TREATED BAIT, OR A FEW GRAINS OF BAIT TREATED WITH THE MORE TOXIC
BRODIFACOUM OR BROMADIOLONE COMPOUNDS, MEDICAL TREATMENT IS PROBABLY UNNECESSARY.
/RODENTICIDES (COUMARINS AND INDANDIONES)/
1A. IF THERE IS UNCERTAINTY ABOUT THE AMOUNT OF BAIT INGESTED OR THE GENERAL HEALTH OF
THE PATIENT, PHYTONADIONE (VITAMIN K1) GIVEN ORALLY PROTECTS AGAINST THE ANTICOAGULANT
EFFECT OF THESE RODENTICIDES WITH ESSENTIALLY NO RISK TO THE PATIENT. DOSAGE OF
PHYTONADIONE: ADULTS AND CHILDREN OVER 12 YEARS: 15-25 MG. CHILDREN UNDER 12 YEARS: 5-10
MG. ALTERNATIVELY, A COLLOIDAL SOLUTION OF PHYTONADIONE, AQUAMEPHYTON, MAY BE GIVEN
INTRAMUSCULARLY. FOR ADULTS AND CHILDREN OVER 12 YEARS, GIVE 5-10 MG; FOR CHILDREN UNDER
12 YEARS, GIVE 1-5 MG. CAUTION: PHYTONADIONE, SPECIFICALLY, IS REQUIRED. NEITHER VITAMIN
K3 (MENADIONE, HYKINONE) NOR VITAMIN K4 (MENADIOL) IS AN ANTIDOTE FOR THESE
ANTICOAGULANTS. /RODENTICIDES (COUMARINS AND INDANDIONES)/
1B. WHATEVER THE DOSAGE, INSURE THAT PATIENTS (ESPECIALLY CHILDREN) WILL BE CAREFULY
OBSERVED FOR 4-5 DAYS AFTER INGESTION. THE INDANDIONES AND THE MORE RECENTLY INTRODUCED
COUMARINS MAY HAVE OTHER TOXIC EFFECTS. /RODENTICIDES (COUMARINS AND INDANDIONES)/
2. IF LARGE AMOUNTS (1.0-1.5 MG/KG OF BODY WEIGHT) OF ANTICOAGULANT HAVE BEEN INGESTED
WITHIN SEVERAL HOURS PRIOR TO TREATMENT, EMPTY THE STOMACH BY GIVING SYRUP OF IPECAC,
FOLLOWED BY 1-2 GLASSES OF WATER. DOSAGES OF SYRUP OF IPECAC FOR ADULTS AND CHILDREN OVER
12 YEARS: 30 ML; DOSAGE FOR CHILDREN UNDER 12 YEARS: 15 ML. FOLLOWING EMESIS GIVE
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL AND SORBITOL. DOSAGE OF CHARCOAL AS AN AQUEOUS SLURRY: ADULTS AND
CHILDREN OVER 12 YEARS: 50-100 G IN 300-800 ML WATER. CHILDREN UNDER 12 YEARS: 15-30 G IN
100-300 ML WATER. DOSAGE OF SORBITOL (THE PREFERRED AGENT) ADDED TO CHARCOAL SLURRY:
ADULTS AND CHILDREN OVER 12 YEARS: 1.0-2.0 G/KG BODY WEIGH TO A MAXIMUM OF 150 G PER DOSE.
CHILDREN UNDER 12 YEARS: 1.0-1.5 G/KG BODY WEIGHT TO A MAXIMUM OF 50 G PER DOSE.
/RODENTICIDES (COUMARINS AND INDANDIONES)/
3. IF TREATMENT HAS BEEN DELAYED SEVERAL HOURS FOLLOWING INGESTION OMIT INDUCED EMESIS,
BUT GIVE ACTIVATED CHARCOAL AND SORBITOL ORALLY. /RODENTICIDES (COUMARINS AND
INDANDIONES)/
4. IF ANTICOAGULANT HAS BEEN INGESTED ANY TIME IN THE PRECEDING 15 DAYS, DETERMINATION
OF PROTHROMBIN TIME PROVIDES A BASIS FOR JUDGING THE SEVERITY OF POISONING. A. IF THE
PROTHROMBIN TIME IS SIGNIFICANTLY LENGTHENED, GIVE AQUAMEPHYTON,INTRAMUSCULARLY: DOSAGE
FOR ADULTS AND CHILDREN OVER 12 YEARS: 5-10 MG; DOSAGE FOR CHILDREN UNDER 12 YEARS: 1-5
MG. DECIDE DOSE WITHIN THESE RANGES ACCORDING TO THE DEGREE OF PROTHROMBIN TIME
LENGTHENING AND, IN CHILDREN, THE AGE AND WEIGHT OF THE CHILD. B. REPEAT PROTHROMBIN TIME
IN 24 HOURS. IF IT HAS NOT DECREASED FROM THE ORIGINAL VALUE, REPEAT AQUAMEPHYTON DOSAGE.
/RODENTICIDES (COUMARINS AND INDANDIONES)/
5. IF VICTIM IS BLEEDING AS A RESULT OF ANTICOAGULANT POISONING ADMINISTER AQUAMEPHYTON
INTRAVENOUSLY: UP TO 10 MG IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN OVER 12 YEARS, AND UP TO 5 MG IN
CHILDREN UNDER 12 YEARS. INITIAL DOSAGE SHOULD BE DECIDED CHIEFLY ON THE BASIS OF THE
SEVERITY OF BLEEDING. REPEAT INTRAVENOUS AQUAMEPHYTON IN 24 HOURS IF BLEEDING CONTINUES.
INJECT AT RATES NOT EXCEEDING 5% OF THE TOTAL DOSE PER MINUTE. INTRAVENOUS INFUSION OF THE
AQUAMEPHYTON DILUTED IN SALINE OR GLUCOSE SOLUTION IS RECOMMENDED. BLEEDING IS USUALLY
CONTROLLED IN 3-6 HOURS. CAUTION: ADVERSE REACTIONS, SOME FATAL, HAVE OCCURRED FROM
INTRAVENOUS PHYTONADIONE INJECTIONS, EVEN WHEN RECOMMENDED DOSAGE LIMITS AND INJECTION
RATES WERE OBSERVED. FOR THIS REASON THE INTRAVENOUS ROUTE SHOULD BE USED ONLY IN CASES OF
SEVERE POISONING. FLUSHING, DIZZINESS, HYPOTENSION, DYSPNEA, AND CYANOSIS HAVE
CHARACTERIZED ADVERSE REACTIONS. /RODENTICIDE (COUMARIN AND INDANDIONES)/
5A. ANTIDOTAL THERAPY IN CASES OF SEVERE BLEEDING SHOULD BE SUPPLEMENTED WITH
TRANSFUSIONS OF FRESH BLOOD OR FRESH FROZEN PLASMA. USE OF FRESH BLOOD OR PLASMA
REPRESENTS THE MOST RAPIDLY EFFECTIVE METHOD OF STOPPING HEMORRHAGE DUE TO THESE
ANTICOAGULANTS, BUT THE EFFECT MAY NOT ENDURE. THEREFORE, THE TRANSFUSIONS SHOULD BE GIVEN
ALONG WITH PHYTONADIONE THERAPY. /RODENTICIDE (COUMARINS AND INDANDIONES)/
5B. DETERMINE PROTHROMBIN TIMES AND HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATIONS EVERY 6-12 HOURS TO
ASSESS EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIHEMORRHAGIC MEASURES. C. WHEN NORMAL BLOOD COAGULATION IS
RESTORED, IT MAY BE ADVISABLE TO DRAIN LARGE HEMATOMATA. D. FERROUS SULFATE MAY BE
APPROPRIATE IN THE RECUPERATIVE PERIOD TO REBUILD LOST ERYTHROCYTE MASS. /RODENTICIDES
(COUMARINS AND INDANDIONES)/
Vitamin C is no substitute for vitamin K but ascorbic acid may be a useful adjunct to K
therapy, as judged by animal studies. At least a dose of 100 mg of ascorbic acid several
times a day can do no harm. /Warfarin/
VETERINARY: Injured capillaries cannot be mended, but other measures may save the
animal. Restraint & handling should be minimized. A sedative or tranquilizer may be of
assistance in restraint, calming ... & reducing locomotion, thus decr tissue oxygen
demand. Oxygen may be given, but manual pumping of chest is not advisable. Dyspnea may be
relieved by thoracentesis. Clotting factors should be provided in form of blood
transfusion (20 ml/kg, 1/2 injected quickly). Warfarin should be antagonized with slow iv
injection of vitamin K1. Dogs & cats are given 5 mg/kg. This dose is repeated for 2
more days, using im route. Larger animals are given 0.5 to 1 mg/kg, & oral vitamin K1
should be admin daily for 4-6 days. The vitamin will not evoke a sudden dramatic cure; but
bleeding tendency will gradually abate as clotting factors begin to be synthesized ...
Menadione (vitamin K3) is not as effective as vitamin K1 ... Residual defects such as
lameness or CNS signs from localized hemorrhages may disappear with gradual resorption of
extravasated blood. Liver damage may be compensated by regeneration of hepatic cells.
/Warfarin/
Animal Toxicity Studies:
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts:
In 90 day feeding trials the only effect observed in rats and dogs was reduction of
prothrombin rating.
It is an anticoagulant rodenticide, a single dose of 50 mg/kg bait killing Rattus
morvegicus and R rattus from the 5th day.
Maximum tolerated dosage (MTD) for dog 10 mg/kg, for cat 25 mg/kg, for swine 25 mg/kg.
Poultry is more sensitive /to bromadiolone/ than to warfarin.
For aquatic species no effect within 96 hr for rainbow trout up to 0.46 mg/l; bluegill
1.3 mg/l & water flea 0.088 mg/l.
Repeated doses of these anticoagulant rodenticides interfere with production of
prothrombin in the liver and hence the clotting time of the blood is prolonged. The
capillaries are also damaged. The stresses of normal life are then sufficient to produce
fatal hemorrhage following very slight trauma to capillaries and small blood vessels.
Although single doses do not normally exert a lethal action, if very large they can cause
rapid vasodilatation and a consequent fall in blood pressure, and this vascular collapse
may prove fatal. /Warfarin and related anticoagulants/
BRODIFACOUM AT 0.005%, ALTHOUGH GIVING COMPLETE MORTALITY AFTER ONLY 8 DAYS' CONTINUOUS
FEEDING, WAS MORE TOXIC TO MERIONES SHAWI /SHAWS GERBIL/ THAN WARFARIN (0.025%),
COUMATETRALYL (0.0375%), DIFENACOUM (0.005%) AND
BROMADIOLONE (0.005%).
This study reports the comparative toxicities of three anticoagulants to Rattus rattus
rufescens in Pakistan. ... A nochoice, 4 day feeding test with small groups of rodents was
used. ... A value for the 4 day LC50 and LC95 can be statistically estimated from
mortality data using probit analysis. The 4-day approx lethal dose (ALD50 and ALD95) also
can be derived. Brodifacoum proved the most toxic followed by bromadiolone and
coumatetralyl giving 4 day LC50 s of 1.8, 2.1 and 19.6 ppm respectively and 4 day LC95's
of 8.4, 10.1 and 126.4 ppm respectively.
Non-Human Toxicity Values:
LD50 Rat oral 1.125 mg/kg (100% bromadiolone)
LD50 Mouse oral 1.75 mg/kg
LD50 Rabbit oral 1 mg/kg
LD50 Rabbit percutaneous 2.1 mg/kg
LD50 Dog oral > 10.0 mg/kg
LD50 Cat oral > 25.0 mg/kg
Ecotoxicity Values:
LD50 Quail oral 1600 mg/kg
LC50 Rainbow trout 1.4 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/
Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption, Distribution & Excretion:
Rats (Rattus norvegicus) dosed orally with the rodenticide bromadiolone (0.8 and 3
mg/kg) were sacrificed in groups of 4 rats at various times up to 97 hr after
administration. Bromadiolone was assayed in plasma, liver and kidney. ... The compound
disappeared slowly from the organism with a half-life of 25.7 hr for the 0.8 mg/kg dose
and 57.5 hr for the 3 mg/kg. Concentrations in liver were rapidly established and were 14-
to 46-fold higher than plasma concentrations. 97 hr after 8 mg/kg dose, liver
concentrations were about 1.5 ug/g. Bromadiolone levels in kidney were slightly higher
than those observed in plasma with a longer half-life.
Mechanism of Action:
An anticoagulant inhibiting the formation of prothrombin.
These compounds depress the hepatic synthesis of vitamin K1-dependent clotting factors
(II, VII, IX, X) by inhibiting the vitamin K1 2,3-reductase enzyme in the vitamin
K1-epoxide cycle. /Anticoagulant rodenticides/
THE EFFECTS OF COUMARINS & INDANDIONES ON PROTHROMBIN SYNTHESIS & CONVERSION OF
VITAMIN K1 2,3-EPOXIDE TO VITAMIN K1 WERE MEASURED. RESULTS PROVIDED EVIDENCE FOR THE
PROPOSED MECHANISM OF ACTION BY PREVENTING REGENERATION OF VITAMIN K1 FROM ITS METABOLITE.
/COUMARINS AND INDANDIONES/
... DERIVATIVES OF COUMARIN ... BLOCK HEPATIC SYNTHESIS OF PROTHROMBIN AT THE EXPENSE
OF VITAMIN K. SOME ... ALSO INTERFERE WITH SYNTHESIS OF PROCONVERTIN AND OF FACTORS IX AND
X WITHOUT CHANGING PROACCELERIN. /COUMARIN DERIVATIVES/
Pharmacology:
Environmental Fate & Exposure:
Environmental Standards & Regulations:
FIFRA Requirements:
As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of
older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions
about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health
and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1,
1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all
pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996.
Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date
of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for
human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and
List D pesticides of less concern. Bromadiolone is found on List B. Case No: 2760;
Pesticide type: Rodenticide; Case Status: All or most products containing the pesticide
have completed product reregistraton, the final step in the reregistration process.;
Active ingredient (AI): 3-(3-(4'-Bromo-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl) -3-hydroxy -1-phenylpropyl)
-4-hydroxycoumarin; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 02/21/91; AI Status: OPP has completed a
Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document for the case/AI.
CERCLA Reportable Quantities:
Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting
requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the
requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Bromadiolone is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS)
subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold
planning quantity (TPQ) of 100/10,000 lbs.
Chemical/Physical Properties:
Molecular Formula:
C30-H23-Br-O4
Molecular Weight:
527.42
Color/Form:
White to off-white powder
Odor:
Odorless
Melting Point:
200-210 deg C
Corrosivity:
Noncorrosive
Dissociation Constants:
pKa = 4.04 at 21 deg C
Solubilities:
Sol in acetone and dimethylsulfoxide
Slightly sol in chloroform
Practically insol in diethyl ether & hexane
19 mg/l water @ 20 deg C
730 g/l dimethylformamide @ 20 deg C
8.2 g/l ethanol @ 20 deg C
25 g/l ethyl acetate @ 20 deg C
Vapor Pressure:
0.002 mPa @ 20 deg C
Other Chemical/Physical Properties:
Technical grade bromadiolone (97% pure) is a yellowish powder; mp 200-210 degrees
(mixture of 2 diastereoisomers)
Stable <200 deg C
Chemical Safety & Handling:
DOT Emergency Guidelines:
Health: Toxic; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation
or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will
produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or
suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Coumarin
derivative pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid,
flammable, toxic; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, poisonous flammable; Coumarin
derivative pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/
Fire or explosion: Highly flammable: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and
flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in
low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard
indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Some may polymerize (P) explosively when heated or
involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may
explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Coumarin derivative pesticide,
liquid, flammable, poisonous; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic;
Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, poisonous flammable; Coumarin derivative pesticide,
liquid, toxic, flammable/
Public safety: Call Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If
Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on
the inside back cover. Isolate spill or leak area immediately for at least 100 to 200
meters (330 to 660 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Coumarin derivative
pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, flammable,
toxic; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, poisonous flammable; Coumarin derivative
pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/
Protective clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing which is specifically recommended by the manufacturer.
It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective
clothing is recommended for fire situations only; it is not effective in spill situations.
/Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Coumarin derivative
pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, poisonous
flammable; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/
Evacuation: Spill: See the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances
for highlighted substances. For non-highlighted substances, increase, in the downwind
direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown under "Public safety".
Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, isolate for 800 meters (1/2
mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in
all directions. /Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Coumarin
derivative pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid,
poisonous flammable; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/
Fire: CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when
fighting fire may be inefficient. Small fires: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or
alcohol-resistant foam. Large fires: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Move
containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire control water for later
disposal; do not scatter the material. Do not use straight streams. Fire involving tanks
or car/trailer loads: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or
monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire
is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or
discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from the ends of tanks. For massive fire use
unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and
let fire burn. /Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Coumarin
derivative pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid,
poisonous flammable; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/
Spill or leak: Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills
and leaks with no fire. ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or
flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor suppressing
foam may be used to reduce vapors. Small spills: Absorb with earth, sand or other
non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean
non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. Large spills: Dike far ahead of liquid
spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in
closed spaces. /Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Coumarin
derivative pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid,
poisonous flammable; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/
First aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call emergency medical care. Apply artificial
respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim
ingested or inhaled the substance; induce artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket
mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer
oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In
case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at
least 20 minutes. Wash skin with soap and water. Keep victim warm and quiet. Effects of
exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Ensure that
medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, and take precautions to protect
themselves. /Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Coumarin
derivative pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid,
poisonous flammable; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/
Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce
irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may
be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid,
poisonous; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, toxic; Coumarin derivative pesticide,
solid, poisonous; Coumarin derivative pesticide, solid, toxic/
Fire or explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose
upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated.
Runoff may pollute waterways. /Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, poisonous; Coumarin
derivative pesticide, liquid, toxic; Coumarin derivative pesticide, solid, poisonous;
Coumarin derivative pesticide, solid, toxic/
Public safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper. If Shipping
Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the
inside back cover. Isolate spill or leak area immediately for at least 25 to 50 meters (80
to 160 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of
low areas. /Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, poisonous; Coumarin derivative
pesticide, liquid, toxic; Coumarin derivative pesticide, solid, poisonous; Coumarin
derivative pesticide, solid, toxic/
Protective clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing which is specifically recommended by the manufacturer.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing is recommended for fire situations ONLY; it
is not effective in spill situations. /Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, poisonous;
Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, toxic; Coumarin derivative pesticide, solid,
poisonous; Coumarin derivative pesticide, solid, toxic/
Evacuation: Spill: See the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances
for highlighted substances. For non-highlighted substances, increase, in the downwind
direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown under "PUBLIC SAFETY".
Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2
mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in
all directions. /Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, poisonous; Coumarin derivative
pesticide, liquid, toxic; Coumarin derivative pesticide, solid, poisonous; Coumarin
derivative pesticide, solid, toxic/
Fire: Small fires: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. Large fires: Water spray, fog or
regular foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire
control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Do not use straight
streams. Fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads: Fight fire from maximum distance or
use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool
containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw
immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from the ends of tanks. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or
monitor nozzles; if this is impossible withdraw from area and let fire burn. /Coumarin
derivative pesticide, liquid, poisonous; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, toxic;
Coumarin derivative pesticide, solid, poisonous; Coumarin derivative pesticide, solid,
toxic/
Spill or leak: Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing
appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry
into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent
spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and
transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. /Coumarin derivative
pesticide, liquid, poisonous; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, toxic; Coumarin
derivative pesticide, solid, poisonous; Coumarin derivative pesticide, solid, toxic/
First aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call emergency medical care. Apply artificial
respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim
ingested or inhaled the substance; induce artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket
mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer
oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In
case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at
least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to
substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s)
involved, and take precautions to protect themselves. /Coumarin derivative pesticide,
liquid, poisonous; Coumarin derivative pesticide, liquid, toxic; Coumarin derivative
pesticide, solid, poisonous; Coumarin derivative pesticide, solid, toxic/
Hazardous Decomposition:
When heated to decomposition it emits ... bromide fumes.
Protective Equipment & Clothing:
Consult label for cautions specific to product being used & for protective clothing
for concentrate > 1%.
Wear protective mask & gloves when handling the concentrate.
Adequate protective clothing should be worn at all times. In the lab this will consist
of a lab coat, rubber or polyethylene gloves & a /NIOSH approved respirator/ or
respirator of a type applicable to the specific chemical being handled. /Rodenticides/
Preventive Measures:
Whereever possible, toxic chemicals, concentrates & bait preparations should be
handled in a fume cupboard. When bait mixing has been done in the field, operators should
take care to remain sheltered from the wind. /Rodenticides/
Scrupulous personal hygiene must be adhered to when dealing with poisons. All cuts
& abrasions on the hands & forearms must be covered with waterproof adhesive
dressings before any operations are started. When the work is finished or when a break is
taken in the middle /of the day/, protective clothing should be removed & hands washed
thoroughly with soap & hot water. Contaminated protective clothing must not be taken
into "clean" areas. /Rodenticides/
Smoking, eating & drinking must be strictly prohibited in all rooms in which
poisons are present. /Rodenticides/
In event of accidental poisoning in humans, it is important that proper medical help is
enlisted at once. ... Local hospitals should be notified of the potential dangers that
exist in places where rodenticides are present & be given precise details of the
specific poisons that are used, with revelant information about antidotes, symptoms, etc.
/Rodenticides/
Normal first-aid facilities should be available ... & as many staff as possible
should have proper first-aid training. /Rodenticides/
CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN ... NOT TO CONTAMINATE FOODSTUFFS ... NOT TO LEAVE MATERIAL WITHIN
REACH OF CHILDREN; TO USE PREPARED BAITS RATHER THAN SCATTER POISON; TO COLLECT &
DESTROY DEAD RODENTS; TO BURY BAITS & POWDER WHEN OPERATION IS COMPLETED. /COUMARIN
DERIVATIVES/
Stability/Shelf Life:
It is stable < 200 deg C (technical, 97% pure)
Shipment Methods and Regulations:
No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in
commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is
properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as
required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are
published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and
constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member
airlines when transporting hazardous materials.
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for
transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a
number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such
substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should
always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when
shipping any substance or article.
Storage Conditions:
Protect from extreme temperatures.
Disposal Methods:
SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill)
disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land
disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmetal regulatory
agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
Occupational Exposure Standards:
Manufacturing/Use Information:
Major Uses:
Rodenticide (anticoagulant)
Manufacturers:
LiphaTech, Inc. 3600 W. Elm St., Milwaukee, WI 53209, (414) 351-1476
General Manufacturing Information:
Developed by Lipha of Lyon, France and distributed in North America by Chempar Chemical
Co.
Prepn: Boschetti et al, German Patent 1,959,317 (1970 to Lipha), CA 73, 87795s (1970).
Some or all applications may be classified by US EPA as Restricted Use Pesticides
(RUP). Concentrates are used in the prepn of baits for rodent control. Maki labeled for
use against house mice, roof rats, & Norway rats (including Warfarin resistant
strains). Also authorized by USDA for use in official establishments operating under the
Federal meat, poultry, shell egg grading and egg products inspection program.
Formulations/Preparations:
Technical bromadiolone consists of a mixture of two diastereoisomers.
Bait (ready for use) prepared from bait concentrate (0.25 g active ingredient/l) or dry
powder.
Formulation types: ... bait concentrate; tracking powder.
Mixed formulations: Bromadiolone + sulfaquinoxaline.
Concentrates, meal baits, pellets, paraffin blocks.
Laboratory Methods:
Analytic Laboratory Methods:
Analysis of products: By UV spectrophotometry. Details from Lipha.
Analysis of residues: By high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection.
Details from Lipha.
Residues of warfarin, coumatetralyl, difenacoum,
brodifacoum, bromadiolone, diphacinone, and chlorophacinone in animal tissues were
extracted with CHCl3-MeCO. Extracts were cleaned up by an integrated gel permeation and
adsorption chromatography procedure which divided the rodenticides into 2 groups. Residues
were then determined and confirmed using normal phase, ion pair and weak ion exchange HPLC
techniques. Ion pair gradient separation resolved all 7 rodenticides in a single
chromatographic analysis. UV detection methods were employed for all 7 rodenticides. Use
of a diode array detection system permitted additional confirmation of residues down to
0.1 mg/kg by matching UV spectra and derivations of spectra. Sensitive fluorescence
detection was possible for the coumarin based rodenticides, but not for diphacinone and
chlorophacinone. Post-column pH-switching fluorescence detection methods were superior to
other methods of fluorescence detection of coumarin based rodenticides. Recoveries from
spiked liver tissue were around 90% at levels from 0.05 to 1 mg/kg. Detection limits of
around 0.002 mg/kg for most rodenticides and of 0.01 mg/kg for warfarin could be achieved
with animal tissue extracts.
Special References:
Special Reports:
Ray AC et al; Am J Vet Res 50 (4): 546-50 (1989). Determination of brodifacoum and
bromadiolone residues in rodent and canine liver.
O'Bryan SM, Constable DJC; J Anal Toxicol 15 (3): 144-7 (1991). Quantitation of
brodifacoum in plasma and liver tissue by HPLC.
Synonyms and Identifiers:
Related HSDB Records:
1786 [WARFARIN] (Analog)
1623 [COUMARIN] (Analog)
Synonyms:
2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 3-(3-(4'-bromo(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-
phenylpropyl)-4-hydroxy-
**PEER REVIEWED**
2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one,
3-(3-(4`-Bromo-(1,1`-biphenyl)-4-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpropyl)-4-hydroxy-
**PEER REVIEWED**
Boldo
**PEER REVIEWED**
Bromatrol
**PEER REVIEWED**
3-(3-(4-Bromobiphenyl-4-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpropyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin
**PEER REVIEWED**
3-(3-(4`-Bromo(1,1`-biphenyl)-4-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpropyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-1-
benzopyran-2-one
**PEER REVIEWED**
Bromone
**PEER REVIEWED**
3-(alpha-(p-(p-Bromophenyl)-beta-hydroxyphenethyl)benzyl-4-hydroxycoumarin
**PEER REVIEWED**
Bromore
**PEER REVIEWED**
Broprodifacoum (South Africa)
**PEER REVIEWED**
Canadien 2000
**PEER REVIEWED**
Caswell No 486AB
**PEER REVIEWED**
Contrac
**PEER REVIEWED**
Contrax
**PEER REVIEWED**
Coumarin, 3-(alpha-(p-(p-bromophenyl)-beta-hydroxyphenethyl)benzyl)-4-hydroxy-
**PEER REVIEWED**
EPA Pesticide Code 112001
**PEER REVIEWED**
3-(4-Hydroxycoumarin-3-yl)-3-phenyl-1-(4-bromobiphenyl)propan-1-ol
**PEER REVIEWED**
(Hydroxy-4-coumarinyl-3)-3-phenyl-3-(bromo-4-biphenylyl-4)-1-propanol-1 (French)
**PEER REVIEWED**
3-(4-Hydroxy-2-oxochromen-3-yl)-3-phenyl-1-(4-bromobiphenyl)propan-1-ol
**PEER REVIEWED**
LM 637
**PEER REVIEWED**
Maki
**PEER REVIEWED**
Rafix
**PEER REVIEWED**
Ratimus
**PEER REVIEWED**
Rotox
**PEER REVIEWED**
Super-Caid
**PEER REVIEWED**
Super-Cald
**PEER REVIEWED**
Super-rozol
**PEER REVIEWED**
Sup'operats
**PEER REVIEWED**
Temus
**PEER REVIEWED**
Topidion
**PEER REVIEWED**
Formulations/Preparations:
Technical bromadiolone consists of a mixture of two diastereoisomers.
Bait (ready for use) prepared from bait concentrate (0.25 g active ingredient/l) or dry
powder.
Formulation types: ... bait concentrate; tracking powder.
Mixed formulations: Bromadiolone + sulfaquinoxaline.
Concentrates, meal baits, pellets, paraffin blocks.
Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO:
UN 3024; Coumarin derivative pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, NOS, flashpoint less
than 23 deg C
UN 3025; Coumarin derivative pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable, NOS, flashpoint 23
deg C or more
UN 3026; Coumarin derivative pesticides, liquid, toxic, NOS
UN 3027; Coumarin derivative pesticides, solid, toxic, NOS
IMO 3.0; Coumarin derivative pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, NOS, flashpoint less
than 23 deg C
IMO 6.1; Coumarin derivative pesticides, liquid, toxic, NOS; coumarin derivative
pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable, NOS, flashpoint 23 deg C or more; coumarin
derivative pesticides, solid, toxic, NOS
RTECS Number:
NIOSH/GN4934700
Administrative Information:
Hazardous Substances Databank Number: 6458
Last Revision Date: 20010809
Last Review Date: Reviewed by SRP 11/1/1994
Update History:
Complete Update on 08/09/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/13/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/09/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/08/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/14/2000, 6 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 09/11/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 06/03/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 03/10/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 11/01/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/03/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/20/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/14/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/12/1996
Complete Update on 02/01/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/08/1995, 32 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 05/31/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/31/1990, 33 fields added/edited/deleted.
Record Length: 78309
| Actualizado: 05/13/2002 16:00:26 |
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