CEDARWOOD OIL
Human Health Effects:
Human Toxicity Excerpts:
HAS BEEN USED TO PRODUCE ABORTION, IN SOME CASES WITH A FATAL OUTCOME.
A maximization test was carried out on 25 volunteers. The material was tested at a
concn of 8% in petrolatum and produced no sensitization reactions. Patch tests were used
to investigate "cedar-poisoning" in 43 persons exposed to wood products or
vegetation. The results...obtained showed /no sensitivity to cedarwood
oils/. ... No phototoxic effects were reported for cedarwood
oil.
Tested at 8% in petrolatum, it produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test
on human subjects. A maximization test was carried out on 25 volunteers. The material was
tested at a concn of 8% in petrolatum and produced no sensitization reactions. /Cedarwood oil atlas/
Tested at 8% in petrolatum, it produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test
on human subjects. A maximization test was carried out on 25 volunteers. The material was
tested at a concn of 8% in petrolatum and produced no sensitization reactions. /Cedarwood oil Texas/
Emergency Medical Treatment:
Emergency Medical Treatment:
| EMT Copyright Disclaimer: |
| Portions of the POISINDEX(R) database are provided here for general
reference. THE COMPLETE POISINDEX(R) DATABASE, AVAILABLE FROM MICROMEDEX, SHOULD BE
CONSULTED FOR ASSISTANCE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC CASES. Copyright
1974-1998 Micromedex, Inc. Denver, Colorado. All Rights Reserved. Any duplication,
replication or redistribution of all or part of the POISINDEX(R) database is a violation
of Micromedex' copyrights and is strictly prohibited. The following Overview, *** IRRITANTS ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical. |
| Life Support: |
o This overview assumes that basic life support measures
have been instituted.
|
| Clinical Effects: |
SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE
0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Whether a substance is labeled a "corrosive" or
"irritant" depends on several factors: the nature of
the substance, concentration, viscosity, pH, molarity,
oxidation-reduction potential, complexing affinity
toward bivalent ions etc. It is difficult to determine
if a substance is a corrosive or irritant at a
particular concentration.
o Irritants are substances that cause inflammation and
swelling, but not cellular death and tissue damage. A
corrosive would cause cellular damage and death.
1. Inhalation exposure may result in headache; nasal
dryness and hemorrhage; and glottic, esophageal, or
pulmonary edema.
HEENT
0.2.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Irritants may cause swelling, redness and pain at any
site, especially at mucous membranes. The mouth, nose,
and eyes are susceptible to these effects.
RESPIRATORY
0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Cough, tachypnea, and wheezing are common after
inhalation.
GASTROINTESTINAL
0.2.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea are possible if ingested.
DERMATOLOGIC
0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Redness, swelling and pain may occur.
CARCINOGENICITY
0.2.21.2 HUMAN OVERVIEW
o Development of sinonasal neoplasms has been associated
with exposure to wood dust and other irritants.
|
| Laboratory: |
o No specific laboratory tests are necessary with the
possible exception of testing the pH of the irritant
substance, and the pH of the ocular cul de sac with wide
range pH paper.
|
| Treatment Overview: |
SUMMARY EXPOSURE
o Life Support - Support respiratory and cardiovascular
function.
o Dilution and irrigation should be primary
considerations. Systemic symptoms are unlikely.
ORAL EXPOSURE
o EMESIS - Not indicated due to the irritant nature of
these agents.
o Charcoal and Cathartic - Are seldom recommended. They
may promote vomiting and make endoscopic evaluation
difficult.
o DILUTION - Immediate therapy should be dilution with
water in copious amounts. Do not exceed 15 mL/kg orally
in a child (maximum 250 mL in a 16 kg or larger patient)
as vomiting may occur with excessive fluids.
o NEUTRALIZATION - Neutralization is not indicated.
o Although these agents are irritants, and therefore
should not produce tissue damage, it is almost
impossible to assure that a particular substance under a
particular set of circumstances would not cause damage.
Therefore, each patient should be examined with the idea
that mucous membrane damage might have occurred.
INHALATION EXPOSURE
o INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for
respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing
develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation,
bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and
assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with
beta2 agonist and corticosteroid aerosols.
EYE EXPOSURE
o DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious
amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes. If
irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia
persist, the patient should be seen in a health care
facility.
o If in a medical facility, sterile saline should be used
to irrigate the eyes until the cul de sac is returned to
neutrality. Some alkali exposures may require prolonged
irrigation.
|
| Range of Toxicity: |
o The extent of damage will depend on a number of factors
including concentration, mechanism of action, pH, free
acidity and alkalinity, molarity and oxidation-reduction
potential. In most cases these factors are more important
than volume. Besides its irritant effect, a substance may
also have some type of systemic effect. Observe for any
potential systemic effects, as is appropriate for each
compound.
|
| EMT Copyright Disclaimer: |
| Portions of the POISINDEX(R) database are provided here for general
reference. THE COMPLETE POISINDEX(R) DATABASE, AVAILABLE FROM MICROMEDEX, SHOULD BE
CONSULTED FOR ASSISTANCE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC CASES. Copyright
1974-1998 Micromedex, Inc. Denver, Colorado. All Rights Reserved. Any duplication,
replication or redistribution of all or part of the POISINDEX(R) database is a violation
of Micromedex' copyrights and is strictly prohibited. The following Overview, *** GENERAL OR UNKNOWN CHEMICAL ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical. |
| Life Support: |
o This overview assumes that basic life support measures
have been instituted.
|
| Clinical Effects: |
SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE
0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o A SPECIFIC REVIEW on the clinical effects and treatment
of individuals exposed to this agent HAS NOT YET BEEN
PREPARED. The following pertains to the GENERAL
EVALUATION and TREATMENT of individuals exposed to
potentially toxic chemicals.
o GENERAL EVALUATION -
1. Exposed individuals should have a careful, thorough
medical history and physical examination performed,
looking for any abnormalities. Exposure to chemicals
with a strong odor often results in such nonspecific
symptoms as headache, dizziness, weakness, and nausea.
o IRRITATION -
1. Many chemicals cause irritation of the eyes, skin, and
respiratory tract. Respiratory tract irritation, if
severe, can progress to pulmonary edema, which may be
delayed in onset for up to 24 to 72 hours in some
cases.
2. Irritation or burns of the esophagus or
gastrointestinal tract are also possible if caustic or
irritant chemicals are ingested.
o HYPERSENSITIVITY -
1. A number of chemical agents produce an allergic
hypersensitivity dermatitis or asthma with
bronchospasm and wheezing with chronic exposure.
|
| Laboratory: |
o A number of chemicals produce abnormalities of the
hematopoietic system, liver, and kidneys. Monitoring
complete blood count, urinalysis, and liver and kidney
function tests is suggested for patients with significant
exposure.
o If respiratory tract irritation or respiratory depression
is evident, monitor arterial blood gases, chest x-ray, and
pulmonary function tests.
|
| Treatment Overview: |
SUMMARY EXPOSURE
o A specific review on the clinical effects and treatment
of individuals exposed to this agent has not yet been
prepared. The following pertains to the general
evaluation and treatment of individuals exposed to
potentially toxic chemicals.
o Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic
environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental
oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed
skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water.
1. Rescuers must not enter areas with potential high
airborne concentrations of this agent without
SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (SCBA) to avoid
becoming secondary victims.
o Measures to decrease absorption may be useful. The
decision to induce or not to induce emesis in ingestions
must be carefully considered. If the patient has any
signs of esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation
or burns, or has evidence of a decreased sensorium, a
depressed gag reflex, or impending shock, INDUCED EMESIS
SHOULD BE AVOIDED.
ORAL EXPOSURE
o GASTRIC LAVAGE
1. Significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract
irritation or burns may occur following ingestion. The
possible benefit of early removal of some ingested
material by cautious gastric lavage must be weighed
against potential complications of bleeding or
perforation.
2. GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a
potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can
be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1
hour). Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg
and left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal
intubation. Control any seizures first.
a. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes
or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated
patients; following ingestion of corrosives;
hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at
risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation;
and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.
o ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
1. Activated charcoal binds most toxic agents and can
decrease their systemic absorption if administered soon
after ingestion. In general, metals and acids are
poorly bound and patients ingesting these materials
will not likely benefit from activated charcoal
administration.
a. Activated charcoal should not be given to patients
ingesting strong acidic or basic caustic chemicals.
Activated charcoal is also of unproven value in
patients ingesting irritant chemicals, where it may
obscure endoscopic findings when the procedure is
justified.
2. ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as slurry (240
mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in
adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12
years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
o DILUTION -
1. Immediate dilution with milk or water may be of benefit
in caustic or irritant chemical ingestions.
2. DILUTION: Following ingestion and/or prior to gastric
evacuation, immediately dilute with 4 to 8 ounces (120
to 240 mL) of milk or water (not to exceed 15 mL/kg in
a child).
o IRRITATION -
1. Observe patients with ingestion carefully for the
possible development of esophageal or gastrointestinal
tract irritation or burns. If signs or symptoms of
esophageal irritation or burns are present, consider
endoscopy to determine the extent of injury.
o OBSERVATION CRITERIA -
1. Carefully observe patients with ingestion exposure for
the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and
administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.
2. Patients symptomatic following exposure should be
observed in a controlled setting until all signs and
symptoms have fully resolved.
INHALATION EXPOSURE
o DECONTAMINATION -
1. INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for
respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing
develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation,
bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and
assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm
with beta2 agonist and corticosteroid aerosols.
o IRRITATION -
1. Respiratory tract irritation, if severe, can progress
to pulmonary edema which may be delayed in onset up to
24 to 72 hours after exposure in some cases.
o PULMONARY EDEMA/NON-CARDIOGENIC -
1. PULMONARY EDEMA (NONCARDIOGENIC): Maintain ventilation
and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial
blood gas or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of
PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.
o BRONCHOSPASM -
1. If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment
with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.
o OBSERVATION CRITERIA -
1. Carefully observe patients with inhalation exposure for
the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and
administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.
2. Patients symptomatic following exposure should be
observed in a controlled setting until all signs and
symptoms have fully resolved.
EYE EXPOSURE
o DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious
amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes. If
irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia
persist, the patient should be seen in a health care
facility.
DERMAL EXPOSURE
o DERMAL DECONTAMINATION -
1. DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash
exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A
physician may need to examine the area if irritation
or pain persists.
o PESTICIDES -
1. DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and
jewelry. Wash the skin, including hair and nails,
vigorously; do repeated soap washings. Discard
contaminated clothing.
o IRRITATION -
1. Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical
therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity
reactions may require treatment with systemic or
topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.
o DERMAL ABSORPTION -
1. Some chemicals can produce systemic poisoning by
absorption through intact skin. Carefully observe
patients with dermal exposure for the development of
any systemic signs or symptoms and administer
symptomatic treatment as necessary.
|
| Range of Toxicity: |
o No specific range of toxicity can be established for the
broad field of chemicals in general.
|
Animal Toxicity Studies:
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts:
ABILITY OF CEDAR ENVIRONMENT TO STIMULATE LIVER DRUG-METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN MICE WAS
CONFIRMED BY LOWERED VALUES FOR BARBITURATE SLEEPING TIME. CEDAR AND SOME OF ITS
DERIVATIVES (OIL OF CEDARWOOD) DISRUPTED THE
REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL CYCLE OF A NUMBER OF INSECTS, INCL THE PEANUT TRASH BUG,
THE INDIAN MEAL MOTH AND THE FORAGE MITE.
Undiluted cedarwood oil Virginia applied to
the backs of hairless mice was not irritating. Applied full strength to intact or abraded
rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion, it was moderately irritating.
Undiluted cedarwood oil Atlas applied to the
backs of hairless mice and swine was not irritating but applied to intact or abraded
rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion it was slightly irritating. ... No photoxic effects
were reported for undiluted cedarwood oil atlas
on hairless mice and swine. /Cedarwood oil
Atlas/
Undiluted cedarwood oil Texas was not
irritating when applied to the backs of hairless mice and swine or to intact or abraded
rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion. ... No photoxic effects were reported for undiluted
cedarwood oil Texas on hairless mice and swine.
/Cedarwood oil Texas/
Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics:
Pharmacology:
Environmental Fate & Exposure:
Natural Pollution Sources:
WOOD OF... JUNIPERUS MEXICANA, JUNIPERUS PROCERA, OR CEDRUS ATLANTICA
FROM WOOD OF JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA L, PINACEAE & OTHER SPECIES OF CEDAR...
Environmental Standards & Regulations:
FIFRA Requirements:
As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of
older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions
about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health
and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1,
1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all
pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996.
Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date
of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for
human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and
List D pesticides of less concern. Cederwood oil is found on List C. Case No: 3150;
Pesticide type: insecticide, fungicide; Case Status: RED Approved 09/93; OPP has made a
decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected
in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Cedarwood oil; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 01/25/94;
AI Status: OPP has completed a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document for the
case/AI.
FDA Requirements:
/Cedarwood oil alcohols/ is a food additive
permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring
substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: 1) the quantity added
to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended
physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) when intended for use in or
on food it is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.
/Cedarwood oil alcohols/
/Cedarwood oil terpenes/ is a food additive
permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring
substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: 1) the quantity added
to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended
physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) when intended for use in or
on food it is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.
/Cedarwood oil terpenes/
Chemical/Physical Properties:
Molecular Formula:
UNKNOWN
Color/Form:
COLORLESS OR SLIGHTLY YELLOW LIQUID
Odor:
INCENSE, FRAGRANT & CHAMOMILE
Taste:
BITTER-SWEET TASTE
Density/Specific Gravity:
0.940-0.950 @ 20 DEG/20 DEG C
Solubilities:
INSOL IN WATER; SOL IN ETHER; IN 10-20 VOL 90% ALCOHOL
Spectral Properties:
SPECIFIC OPTICAL ROTATION: -25 TO -46 DEG @ 20 DEG C/D; INDEX OF REFRACTION:
1.495-1.510 @ 20 DEG C/D
Other Chemical/Physical Properties:
SOMEWHAT VISCID LIQUID
Yellow to brownish, slightly viscous liquid with a sweet aromatic odor and a lasting,
woody undertone /Atlas cedar wood oil/
Density: 0.925-0.940 @ 25 deg C/25 deg C; Index of refraction: 1.5060-1.5160 at 20 deg
C/D; Specific optical rotation: +50 to +77 deg; Solubility: 1 vol in at least 5 vol of 95%
ethanol /Atlas cedar wood/
Brown to reddish-brown viscous liquid /Texas cedarwood
oil/
Density: 0.954-0.967 @ 25 deg C/25 deg C; Index of refraction: 1.5050-1.5080 at 20 deg
C/D; Specific optical rotation: -50 to -35 deg; Solubility: 1 vol in 5 vol of 90% ethanol
at 20 deg C /Texas cedarwood oil/
Light yellow to pale brown, viscous liquid /Virginia cedarwood
oil/
Density: 0.939-0.958 @ 25 deg C/25 deg C; Index of refraction: 1.5020-1.5100 at 20 deg
C/D; Specific optical rotation: -45 to -22.5 deg; Solubility: 1 vol in 0.5-5 vol of 90%
ethanol /Virginia cedarwood oil/
Chemical Safety & Handling:
Fire Potential:
SLIGHT; WHEN HEATED.
Storage Conditions:
KEEP WELL CLOSED, COOL & PROTECTED FROM LIGHT.
Disposal Methods:
SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill)
disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land
disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory
agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
Occupational Exposure Standards:
Manufacturing/Use Information:
Major Uses:
IN FURNITURE POLISH
FRAGRANCE INGREDIENT (MODIFIER OF OTHER OILS) IN SOAPS, IN PERFUMES; RAW MATERIAL FOR
ALCOHOLS & TERPENES AS FLAVORINGS; INSECT REPELLENT; CLEARING AGENT IN MICROSCOPY;
AGENT IN OIL IMMERSION MICROSCOPY
As insect repellant; the thickened oil is used in microscopy as a clearing agent and
for use with immersion lenses.
In soap perfumes
Perfuming soap and other products, as a starting material for the isolation of
cedrol...and other valuable fragrance materials.
To convey woody notes to fragrances and also of fixatives.
IN MFR OF CARTRIDGES USED TO PRODUCE SMOKE IN ELECTRIC TOY TRAINS. CARTRIDGES USED
CONTAIN META-TERPHENYL OR KEROSENE & CEDAR WOOD OIL.
Manufacturers:
INTERNATIONAL FLAVORS & FRAGRANCES, HAZLET, NJ 07730, UNION BEACH, NJ 07735
MONSANTO CO, MONSANTO FLAVOR/ESSENCE, INC, PATCHOGUE, NY 11772
RHODIA INC, CHEM DIV, NEW YORK, NY 10022
Methods of Manufacturing:
STEAM DISTILLATION OF SAWDUST OR FINELY CHOPPED WOOD OF JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA...
/WITH/ CEDRENE (A TERPENE) & CEDRAL (CEDAR CAMPHOR) /AS CHIEF CONSTITUENTS/.
EXTRACTION OF CEDARWOOD WITH PETROLEUM ETHER
OR ETHYL ALCOHOL FOLLOWED BY REMOVAL OF SOLVENT & VACUUM DISTILLATION PROVIDED 18.6
& 21.7% YIELDS COMPARED TO 7.5% FOR STEAM DISTILLATION.
General Manufacturing Information:
The main constituents of cedarwood oil
Virginia are cedrene, thujopsene and cedrol.
The chief constituents of cedarwood oil atlas
are alpha- and gamma-atlantone. The essential oil of Cedrus atlantica contains
alpha-ionone, alpha-caryophyllene alcohol, epi-beta-cubenol, epoxy-beta-himachalene and
its epimer, deodarone, and a new ketone. /Cedarwood
oil atlas/
The main constituents of cedarwood oil Texas
include cedrene, cedrol and pseudocedrol. /Cedarwood
oil Texas/
A low concentration of cedarwood oil
(0.4452%) was sufficient in knocking down 50% of Anopheles stephensi after 6 hours.
Cedarwood oil Texas is not included in the
listings of the FDA, FEMA (1965) or the Council of Europe (1974) or in the Foods Chemicals
Codex (1972). /Cedarwood oil Texas/
Several different conifer species are called cedars and the corresponding oils vary
considerably in composition
A wide variety of cedarwood oils (58-60) are
produced
Cedarwood oil atlas is not included in the
listings of the FDA, FEMA (1965) or the Council of Europe (1974) or in the Foods Chemicals
Codex (1972). /Cedarwood oil atlas/
The Council of Europe (1970) included cedarwood
oil Virginia (Juniperus virginiana) in the list of flavoring substances temporarily
admitted for use, possibly with a limitation on the active principle in the final product.
Obtained by steam distillation of wood /Atlas, Chinese, and Texas cedarwood
oils/
Obtained by steam distillation of sawdust, finely chipped waste wood from the
manufacture of cedarwood products, or from
stumps and logs of the red cedar /Virginia cedarwood
oil/
Consumption Patterns:
MORE THAN 4.54X10+7 GRAMS AS A FRAGRANCE INGREDIENT (1972)
Laboratory Methods:
Analytic Laboratory Methods:
A gas chromatographic analysis method for determining the presence of cedarwood
oil is described.
Special References:
Special Reports:
Ramachandraiah OS et al; Studies in Indian Essential Oils. Deodar seed, Davana, Sweet
Marjoram and Pudina. Indian Perfum 28 (1): 10-6 (1984)] A presentation of Indian essential
oils from a variety of sources.
Synonyms and Identifiers:
Synonyms:
CEDAR OIL
**PEER REVIEWED**
Cedarwood oil (Virginia)
**PEER REVIEWED**
Cedrus atlantica oil
**PEER REVIEWED**
Oil cedar
**PEER REVIEWED**
OIL OF CEDARWOOD
**PEER REVIEWED**
Oils, cedarwood
**PEER REVIEWED**
Red cedarwood oil
**PEER REVIEWED**
RTECS Number:
NIOSH/FJ1520050
Administrative Information:
Hazardous Substances Databank Number: 1972
Last Revision Date: 20010809
Last Review Date: Reviewed by SRP on 9/29/1994
Update History:
Complete Update on 08/09/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/15/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/12/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/09/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/08/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 11/18/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/27/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/26/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/27/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/10/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/23/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/21/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/25/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/12/1995, 24 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 12/28/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/25/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 12/23/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 03/06/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/30/1986
Record Length: 43300