CITRONELLAL
Human Health Effects:
Human Toxicity Excerpts:
RELATIVELY MILD IRRITANT.
The low molecular weight aldehydes, the halogenated aliphatic aldehydes, and the
unsaturated aldehydes are particularly irritating. The mucus membranes of the nasal and
oral passages and the upper respiratory tract are affected, producing a burning sensation,
an increased ventilation rate, bronchial constriction, choking, and coughing. The eyes
tear, and a burning sensation is noted on the skin of the face. During low exposures, the
initial discomfort may abate after 5 to 10 minutes but will recur if exposure is resumed
after an interruption. /Aldehydes/
Probable Routes of Human Exposure:
NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 2162 workers are
potentially exposed to citronellal in the
USA(1). The general population will be exposed to citronellal
via ingestion pf and dermal contact with food(2,3) and other products containing
isovaleraldehyde(SRC). Occupational exposure may be through inhalation, ingestion, and
dermal contact with the compound(SRC).
Emergency Medical Treatment:
Emergency Medical Treatment:
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reference. THE COMPLETE POISINDEX(R) DATABASE, AVAILABLE FROM MICROMEDEX, SHOULD BE
CONSULTED FOR ASSISTANCE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC CASES. Copyright
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replication or redistribution of all or part of the POISINDEX(R) database is a violation
of Micromedex' copyrights and is strictly prohibited. The following Overview, *** LEMON GRASS OIL ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical. |
| Life Support: |
o This overview assumes that basic life support measures
have been instituted.
|
| Clinical Effects: |
SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE
o The primary effect seen of this oil is irritation,
especially contact or allergic dermatitis. Systemic
symptoms in humans are unusual.
HEENT
o May be irritating to the mucous membranes of the mouth
and throat.
NEUROLOGIC
o Citral (the main constituent of lemon grass oil) may
have a sedative effect.
HEPATIC
o Citral has caused a 25% increase in liver enzyme
activity in laboratory animals.
DERMATOLOGIC
o Citral is a primary skin irritant and sensitizing agent
in concentrations of greater than 8%.
|
| Laboratory: |
o There are no useful laboratory measures. |
| Treatment Overview: |
ORAL/PARENTERAL EXPOSURE
o Lemon grass oil may be an aspiration risk. Emesis is
NOT recommended. Gastric decontamination is probably
not necessary for amounts less than 1 mL/kg. For
amounts in excess of 1 mL/kg, activated charcoal may be
considered.
o ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as slurry (240
mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in
adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12
years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
o SEDATION - Although CNS depression has been reported in
both man and animals, serious coma has not yet been
seen. If coma ensues, respiratory support may be
necessary.
EYE EXPOSURE
o DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious
amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes. If
irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia
persist, the patient should be seen in a health care
facility.
DERMAL EXPOSURE
o Irrigate all areas contacted by lemon grass oil with
cool water. Warm or hot water may increase the
incidence and severity of dermal reactions.
|
| Range of Toxicity: |
o Therapeutic Dose - 500 mcg/kg is an acceptable daily
intake for citral.
o A human toxic dose for citral has not been established.
|
Animal Toxicity Studies:
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts:
CITRONELLAL INJECTED INTO WHITE LEGHORN
EMBRYOS (0.1-0.2M) CAUSED DOSE-DEPENDENT TERATOGENESIS. MORPHOLOGICAL MALFORMATION
OCCURRED MAINLY IN THE CRANIOFACIAL AREA.
CITRONELLAL WHEN INHALED BY RABBITS EXHIBITED
THE MOST SIGNIFICANT BRONCHOMUCOTROPIC ACTIVITY.
CITRONELLAL INHIBITED THE ACTIVITY OF RUMEN
MICROBES FROM BOTH SHEEP AND DEER.
CITRONELLAL INHIBITED EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
OF YELLOW FEVER MOSQUITO A AEGYPTI EGGS DEPOSITED ON WATER.
The effect of cyclophosphamide on the adjuvant and 24 hour occlusive patch times 2
(AP2) test was examined. The AP2 test method for detecting contact hypersensitivity in
guinea-pigs. Hartley guinea pigs were injected intraperitoneally with 200 mg/kg
cyclophosphamide 3 days before performing the AP2 test using the strong skin sensitizers
bromostyrol, citronellal, p-phenylenediamine,
and formaldehyde and the weak sensitizers benzyl-salicylate and p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl
ester as test compounds. The results were compared with those obtained by the regular AP2
test, the guinea-pig maximization test, and the cumulative contact enhancement test.
Administering cyclophosphamide before the AP2 test resulted in a lOO% rate of positivity
after the first challenge with all test agents except p-aminobenzoic-acid ethyl-ester. The
cyclophosphamide modified AP2 protocol can detect contact hypersensitivity induced by
strong sensitizers as well as the standard AP2, guinea pig maximization test, and
cumulative contact enhancement test. It can also detect allergenicity of weak sensitizers.
The histology of allergic contact dermatitis reactions to potent allergens in guinea
pigs and humans have indicated that there is significant tissue infiltration with
basophilic leukocytes. In this study we determined whether the histologic finding could be
of value in distinguishing weak sensitization reactions from primary irritation, thereby
aiding in the predictive identification of weak or moderate contact allergens. Guinea pigs
were sensitized by the Buehler test method. Skin reactions were graded 24, 48, and 72 hr
post-challenge with duplicate patch sites biopsied at the 24- or 72-hr grading timepoints.
The number of basophils per 400 leukocytes were counted along the upper dermis just below
the dermal/epidermal junction. Challenge patch sites from animals sensitized to a
relatively low dose of the strong contact allergen oxazolone were compared with patch
sites from animals challenged only with a strong irritant, sodium lauryl sulfate. Compared
to normal skin only the oxazolone patch sites showed significant basophil infiltration
despite the fact that the skin reactions to the low oxazolone challenge dose were
relatively weak. Subsequent blinded studies compared weak/moderate presumptive
sensitization reactions (as defined by accepted visual skin grading criteria) to various
chemicals (citronellal, vanillin, cinnamic
aldehyde, and ethylenediamine) to primary irritation reactions to the same chemicals. In
each case low-challenge-dose sensitization sites on previously treated (induced) animals
showed mean basophil infiltration significantly greater than higher-dose irritant
reactions.
Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics:
Metabolism/Metabolites:
A BACTERIUM WITH PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA-LIKE PROPERTIES UTILIZED CITRONELLAL
AS ITS SOLE CARBON & ENERGY SOURCE; CITRONELLAL
METABOLIZED TO CITRONELLIC ACID 65, CITRONELLOL 0.6, DIHYDROCITRONELLOL 0.6, MENTHOL 0.75
& 3,7-DIMETHYL-1,7-OCTANEDIOL 1.7%.
Aldehydes are readily oxidized to organic acids, which, in turn, can serve as
substrates for fatty acid oxidation pathways and the Krebs cycle. ... Oxidation of
aldehydes is catalyzed by aldehyde dehydrogenase, which has been found in the brain,
erythrocytes, liver, kidney, heart, and placenta. /Aldehydes/
... The detoxification of aldehydes can be seen to proceed basically via two routes:
(1) an oxidation to yield readily metabolized acids; (2) inactivation by reaction with
sulfhydryl groups, particularly glutathione. Under conditions that either deplete
glutathione levels, or that result in an inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase (for
example, Antabuse treatment), the acute and chronic effects of aldehyde toxicity might be
more fully expressed. /Aldehydes/
The cytochrome p450-catalyzed formation of olefinic products from a series of
xenobiotic aldehydes has been demonstrated. Citronellal,
a beta-branched aldehyde, was found to undergo the oxidative deformylation reaction to
yield 2,6-dimethyl-1,5-heptadiene but only with p450 2B4.
Pharmacology:
Environmental Fate & Exposure:
Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary:
Citronellal's production and use as a
flavoring agent, an insect repellant, and in soap perfumes may result in its release to
the environment through various waste streams. Citronellal
has been detected in cold-pressed oils from the following citrus fruits: Valencia orange,
midseason orange (mixture of pineapple and other citrus cultivars), California navel
orange, tangerine, and grapefruit. If released to soil, citronellal
will have high mobility in soil. Volatilization of citronellal
may be important from moist and dry soil surfaces. If released to water, citronellal
may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment. Citronellal
may volatilize from water surfaces with estimated half-lives for a model river and model
lake of 7.8 hours and 6.2 days, respectively. An estimated BCF value of 280, suggests that
citronellal will bioconcentrate in aquatic
organisms. No biodegradation data were available but the chemical structure of citronellal would suggest that biodegradation in soil
or water would be important. If released to the atmosphere, citronellal
will exist in the vapor phase. Vapor-phase citronellal
is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals;
the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 3.2 hours.
Particulate-phase citronellal may be physically
removed from the air by wet and dry deposition. The general population will be exposed to citronellal via ingestion pf and dermal contact with
food and other products containing isovaleraldehyde. Occupational exposure may be through
inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact with the compound. (SRC)
Probable Routes of Human Exposure:
NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 2162 workers are
potentially exposed to citronellal in the
USA(1). The general population will be exposed to citronellal
via ingestion pf and dermal contact with food(2,3) and other products containing
isovaleraldehyde(SRC). Occupational exposure may be through inhalation, ingestion, and
dermal contact with the compound(SRC).
Natural Pollution Sources:
D-FORM FOUND IN OILS OF EUCALYPTUS CITRIODORA, LEPTOSPERMUM CITRATUM & BAECKEA
CITRIODORA; L-FORM...IN OILS OF: BACKHOUSIA CITRIODORA VAR A, EUCALYPTUS CITRIODORA,
LITSEA CUBEBA (FRUITS), & LEMONGRASS. ...ALSO IN OILS OF LEMON, MANDARIN, LAVANDULA
DELPHINENSIS, OCIUM CANUM F CITRATA.
CEYLON CITRONELLA GRASS CONTAINS 16% CITRONELLAL...JAVA CITRONELLA
GRASS CONTAINS 25-54% CITRONELLAL.
Citronellal has been found in cold-pressed
oils from the following citrus fruits (in wt %): Valencia orange 0.09 and 0.094; midseason
orange (mixture of pineapple and other citrus cultivars) 0.06 and 0.055; California navel
orange 0.081 and 0.064; tangerine 0.1 and 0.08; and grapefruit 0.091 and 0.077(1). Citronellal has been identified as a chief constituent
of oil of citronella(2). It is also found in
many other volatile oils, such as lemon, lemon grass, and melissa(2).
Artificial Pollution Sources:
Citronellal's production and use as a
flavoring agent(1), and insect repellant(2) and in soap perfumes(2) may result in its
release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
Environmental Fate:
TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc
value of 150(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that citronellal will have moderate mobility in soil(SRC).
Volatilization of citronellal may be important
from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.62X10-4 atm-cu
m/mole(3,SRC), and from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on an estimated vapor pressure of
0.28 mm Hg(4,SRC). No biodegradation data were available but the chemical structure of citronellal would suggest that biodegradation in soil
or water would be important(5).
AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value
of 148(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that citronellal may not adsorb to suspended solids and
sediment(SRC) in water. Citronellal may
volatilize from water surfaces based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.62X10-4
atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Estimated
half-lives for a model river and model lake are 7.8 hours and 6.2 days,
respectively(4,SRC). An estimated BCF value of 280(4,SRC), from an estimated log Kow of
3.53(5,SRC), suggests that citronellal will
bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC) according to a recommended classification
scheme(6). No biodegradation data were available but the chemical structure of citronellal would suggest that biodegradation in soil
or water would be important(7).
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a suggested classification scheme(1), an estimated vapor
pressure of 0.28 mm Hg at 25 deg C(2,SRC) indicates that citronellal
will exist in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase citronellal
is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl
radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 3.2
hours(3,SRC). Vapor-phase citronellal is also
degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in
air is estimated to be about 38 minutes(3,SRC).
Environmental Biodegradation:
No biodegradation data were available but the chemical structure of citronellal
would suggest that biodegradation in soil or water would be important(1).
Environmental Abiotic Degradation:
The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of citronellal
with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.21X10-10 cu
cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This
corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3.2 hours at an atmospheric concentration
of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). The rate constant for the vapor-phase
reaction of citronellal with ozone has been
estimated as 4.310-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C(SRC) using a structure estimation
method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 38 minutes at an
atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 moles of ozone per cu cm(1,SRC).
Environmental Bioconcentration:
An estimated BCF value of 280 was calculated for citronellal(SRC),
using an estimated log Kow of 3.53(1,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived
equation(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests
that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will be high(SRC).
Soil Adsorption/Mobility:
Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indexes(1), the Koc
for citronellal can be estimated to be about
150(SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value
suggests that citronellal has high mobility in
soil(SRC).
Volatilization from Water/Soil:
The Henry's Law constant for citronellal is
estimated as 2.62X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1).
This value indicates that citronellal will
volatilize from water surfaces(2,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the
volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3
m/sec) is estimated as approximately 7.8 hours(2,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a
model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as
approximately 6.2 days(2,SRC). Citronellal's
vapor pressure, 0.28 mm Hg(3,SRC) and Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicate that
volatilization from dry and moist soil may occur(SRC).
Food Survey Values:
Citronellal has been found in cold-pressed
oils from the following citrus fruits (in wt %): Valencia orange 0.09 and 0.094; midseason
orange (mixture of pineapple and other citrus cultivars) 0.06 and 0.055; California navel
orange 0.081 and 0.064; tangerine 0.1 and 0.08; and grapefruit 0.091 and 0.077(1).
Environmental Standards & Regulations:
TSCA Requirements:
Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report
preliminary assessment information concerned with production, use, and exposure to EPA as
cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329.
Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data
Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and
processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of
unpublished health and safety studies. 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octenal is included on this list.
FDA Requirements:
Citronellal is a food additive permitted for
direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and
adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: 1) the quantity added to food does
not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive,
or other technical effect in food, and 2) when intended for use in or on food it is of
appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.
Chemical/Physical Properties:
Molecular Formula:
C10-H18-O
Molecular Weight:
154.24
Color/Form:
COLORLESS TO SLIGHTLY YELLOW LIQUID
Odor:
INTENSE LEMON-, CITRONELLA-, ROSE-TYPE
Boiling Point:
47 deg C @ 1 mm Hg
Density/Specific Gravity:
0.8573 AT 20 DEG C/4 DEG C
Solubilities:
SLIGHTLY SOLUBLE IN WATER, ETHANOL
1:5 IN 70% ALCOHOL
Spectral Properties:
INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.446 AT 20 DEG C/D; SPECIFIC OPTICAL ROTATION: +11.50 DEG AT 25
DEG C/D
SPECIFIC OPTICAL ROTATION: +13.09 DEG AT 18 DEG C/D; MAX ABSORPTION (ALCOHOL): 235 NM
(LOG E= 1.93); 290 NM SHOULDER (LOG E= 1.08)
SPECIFIC OPTICAL ROTATION: -1 TO +11 DEG
IR: 15514 (Sadtler Research Laboratories IR Grating Collection)
UV: 1-364 (Organic Electronic Spectral Data, Phillips et al, John Wiley & Sons, New
York)
NMR: 10936 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection)
MASS: 937 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York)
MASS: 4177 (National Bureau of Standards EPA-NIH Mass Spectra Data Base, NSRDS-NBS-63)
Vapor Pressure:
11 MM HG AT 88 DEG C
Other Chemical/Physical Properties:
CONVERSION FACTORS: 1 MG/LITER= 159 PPM; 1 PPM= 6.3 MG/CU M
VOLATILE OILS FREELY DISSOLVE FIXED OILS, FATS, RESINS, CAMPHORS, & USUALLY SULFUR
& PHOSPHORUS /VOLATILE OILS/
INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.4456 @ 20 DEG C/D; MAX ABSORPTION (ALC): 235 NM (LOG E= 1.93);
290 NM SHOULDER (LOG E= 1.08) /D FORM/
INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.4479 @ 20 DEG C/D; MAX ABSORPTION (ALC): 235 NM (LOG E= 1.93;
290 NM SHOULDER (LOG E= 1.08) /L FORM/
INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.4473 @ 20 DEG C/D; MAX ABSORPTION (ALC): 290 NM SHOULDER (LOG E=
1.08) /DL FORM/
ACID VALUE LESS THAN 3.0
IR: 15514 (Sadtler Research Laboratories IR Grating Collection) /Citronellal
(d)/
NMR: 10936 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) /Citronellal
(d)/
MASS: 937 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York) /Citronellal (d)/
IR: 15514 (Sadtler Research Laboratories IR Grating Collection) /Citronellal
(l)/
UV: 1-364 (Organic Electronic Spectral Data, Phillips et al, John Wiley & Sons, New
York) /Citronellal (l)/
NMR: 10936 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) /Citronellal
(l)/
MASS: 937 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York) /Citronellal (l)/
Chemical Safety & Handling:
NFPA Hazard Classification:
Health: 0. 0= Materials that on exposure under fire conditions, offer no hazard beyond
that of ordinary combustible material.
Flammability: 2. 2= Includes materials that must be moderately heated before ignition
will occur and includes Class II and IIIA combustible liquids and solids and semi-solids
that readily give off ignitible vapors. Water spray may be used to extinguish fires in
these materials because the materials can be cooled below their flash points.
Reactivity: 0. 0= Includes materials that are normally stable, even under fire exposure
conditions, and that do not react with water. Normal fire fighting procedures may be used.
Flash Point:
164 DEG F (74 DEG C) (CLOSED CUP)
Stability/Shelf Life:
EXPOSURE TO LIGHT & AIR IMPAIRS QUALITY & DESTROYS FRAGRANCE OF VOLATILE OILS
/VOLATILE OILS/
Disposal Methods:
SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill)
disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land
disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory
agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
Occupational Exposure Standards:
Manufacturing/Use Information:
Major Uses:
FLAVORING AGENT
INSECT REPELLANT, SOAP PERFUMES
D-FORM AS A CHEM INT FOR L-MENTHOL; CHEM INT FOR CITRONELLOL AND HYDROXYCITRONELLAL;
FRAGRANCE INGREDIENT OF SOAPS, DETERGENTS, CREAMS, LOTIONS AND PERFUME; FLAVORING AGENT IN
NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, ICE CREAM, BAKED GOODS, CHEWING GUM, GELATINS & PUDDINGS
Manufacturers:
Givaudan-Roure Corporation, 100 Delawanna Ave, Clifton, NJ 07014, (201) 365-8000;
Specialty Division; Production site: Clifton, NJ 07014
Hanson PLC, Hq, 100 Wood Ave S, Iselin, NJ 08830, (201) 549-7050; SCM Corp, 299 Park
Ave, New York, NY 10171-0161; SCM GLIDCO Organics Group, PO Box 389, Jacksonville, FL
32201; Production site: Foot of West 61st St, Jacksonville, FL 32208
Penta Manufacturing Company, Hq, PO Box 1448, Fairfield, NJ 07007 (201) 740-2300.
Production site: Fairfield, NJ 07007.
Methods of Manufacturing:
DEHYDROGENATION OF BETA-CITRONELLOL OR BY CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION OF CITRAL; SYNTHETIC
D,L-CITRONELLAL BY CATALYTIC REARRANGEMENT OF
SYNTHETIC GERANIOL/NEROL
INDUSTRIALLY PREPARED BY HYDROGENATION OF BETA CITRONELLOL OR BY CATALYTIC
HYDROGENATION OF CITRAL. ALSO IN THE LABORATORY BY DEHYDRATION OF
HYDROXYDIHYDROCITRONELLAL.
CAN BE PREPARED BY CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OR BY FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF NATURAL OILS,
SUCH AS CITRONELLA. THE D-FORM HAS BEEN REPORTED
IN THE OIL OF CITRONELLA (CEYLON, JAMMUS,
KASCHMIS), THE OIL FROM LEAVES OF BAROSMA PULCHELLA, IN THE OIL FROM ROOTS OF PHEBALIUM
NUDUM...
JAVA CITRONELLA OIL IS USED AS STARTING RAW
MATERIAL FOR EXTRACTION OF...CITRONELLAL.
Formulations/Preparations:
PURITY: NOT LESS THAN 85%
Consumption Patterns:
APPROXIMATELY 1.8X10+6 GRAMS AS A FRAGRANCE INGREDIENT (1975)
U. S. Production:
(1975) 2.85X10+8 GRAMS
(1976) 3.28X10+8 GRAMS
Laboratory Methods:
Analytic Laboratory Methods:
NATURALLY OCCURRING MONOTERPENES WERE ANALYZED BY AN IMPROVED GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC
METHOD.
GAS & LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY DETERMINATIONS SHOWED THAT ALCOHOLS COMPRISE APPROX 70%
OF ROSE OIL & HYDROCARBONS APPROX 20%.
VOLATILE OILS OF PELARGONIUM SPECIES INCL CITRONELLAL
WERE ANALYZED BY ALUMINA COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY, & IR SPECTROSCOPY.
Special References:
Special Reports:
OPDYKE DL; MONOGRAPHS ON FRAGRANCE RAW MATERIALS. CITRONELLAL;
FOOD COSMET TOXICOL 13 (SUPPL): 755 (1979). THE NATURAL OCCURRENCE & ISOLATION,
COSMETIC & PERFUME USES, LEGAL STATUS OF USE IN FOOD, & METAB. & TOXICOL. OF
CITRONNELLAL ARE REVIEWED.
Synonyms and Identifiers:
Synonyms:
BETA-CITRONELLAL
**PEER REVIEWED**
3,7-DIMETHYL-6-OCTENAL
**PEER REVIEWED**
3,7-DIMETHYL-6-OCTEN-1-AL
**PEER REVIEWED**
6-OCTENAL, 3,7-DIMETHYL-
**PEER REVIEWED**
RHODINAL
**PEER REVIEWED**
D-RHODINAL
**PEER REVIEWED**
Associated Chemicals:
Citronellal (d);2385-77-5
Citronellal (l);5949-05-3
Formulations/Preparations:
PURITY: NOT LESS THAN 85%
Administrative Information:
Hazardous Substances Databank Number: 594
Last Revision Date: 20010809
Last Review Date: Reviewed by SRP on 5/16/1996
Update History:
Complete Update on 08/09/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/15/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/27/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/17/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/19/1996, 35 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 05/10/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 01/19/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 12/21/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 11/01/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 12/13/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/10/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/16/1990, 3 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 03/06/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 12/18/1984
Record Length: 44118