DEET
Human Health Effects:
Human Toxicity Excerpts:
UNDILUTED CMPD MAY IRRITATE MUCOUS MEMBRANES BUT REPELLENT CONCENTRATIONS CAN BE
APPLIED SAFELY TO SKIN; DAILY APPLICATION TO FACE AND ARMS FOR 5 CONSECUTIVE DAYS GAVE
ONLY MILD IRRITATION.
/IT IS/ IRRITANT TO EYES, MUCOUS MEMBRANES ... INGESTION CAN CAUSE CNS DISTURBANCES.
CHILD EXPOSED TO PRODUCT CONTAINING M-DET EXPERIENCED DISORIENTATION, STAGGERING GAIT,
SLURRED SPEECH AND EPISODES CONSISTING OF STIFFENING INTO SITTING POSITION, CRYING OUT,
EXTENDING EXTREMITIES, FLEXING FINGERS AND DORSIFLEXING TOES.
A five-yr-old girl, sprayed with DEET nightly
for three months, developed headaches and slurred speech, progressing to athetosis,
shaking, screaming, and convulsions. She died 24 days after hospitalization. At autopsy
the brain showed generalized edema with intense congestion of meninges. There was no
demyelination and no evidence of meningitis. An 18-mo-old child who ingested an unknown
quantity of a liquid prepn of DET exhibited similar signs and symptoms but eventually
recovered.
Seizures and acute behavior change developed in an 8 yr old girl following exposure to
Muskol and Off insect repellents. She recovered within 3 days with supportive treatment;
including anticonvulsant (phenytoin) medication. The assumed toxic agent was N,N-diethyltoluamide.
One patient who was accidentally sprayed in the eye with OFF had immediate smarting
sensation which subsided rapidly when he flushed his eye with water. Two hr later the only
abnormality was fine gray stippling of the corneal epithelium with tiny gray dots in the
palpebral fissure. Vision at that time was reduced from 20/15 to 20/20. The eye returned
rapidly to normal.
This is a case report of a 6-yr-old girl who extensively used an insect repellent
containing N,N-diethyltoluamide (DET; DEET). The family history and tests performed on the
child indicated that the girl was deficient in ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCT). This
deficiency was apparently agitated by the extensive use of DET. Phthalyl alcohol was
identified in the child's liver at least 10 days after administration.
BULLOUS ERUPTIONS, SKIN NECROSIS, & PROLONGED DISABILITY WAS REPORTED IN MILITARY
PERSONNEL IN SOUTH VIETNAM. ALTHOUGH AN INSECT HAD BEEN PREVIOUSLY THOUGHT WHOLLY THE
CULPRIT, DIETHYL TOLUAMIDE, INSECT REPELLENT USED PRODUCES SIMILAR ERUPTIONS. CAUTION
ADVISED.
A 42 year old woman with no prior atopic history touched a companion who had just
sprayed himself with repellent containing 52% deet.
Generalized pruritus rapidly developed and progressed to generalized angioedema. The woman
became nauseated and unconscious en route to hospital, where her blood pressure was found
to be 70/40 mm Hg. She responded to treatment with epinephrine, diphenhydramine, and in
corticosteroids. Periorbital edema developed after another exposure to deet
I week later. In a controlled setting, a small amount of deet
in isopropyl alcohol was applied to the patient's forearm. Pruritus occurred in the
treated area within 15 sec and or progressed to localized urticaria despite immediate
washing of the arm. The patient was treated with epinephrine and diphenhydramine when she
reported pruritis of lips and the contralateral arm. She responded to therapy, but the
localized urticaria lasted for over 1 hr. Isopropyl alcohol alone elicited non response.
A 35 year old woman presumed allergy reaction to insect when she had used several
repellents on frequent camping trips and noticed that a "red, raised lesion"
appeared about 30 min after application. Open patch testing on the forearm with
"pure" deet revealed, within 20 min, a
macular erythema that evolved into a wheal-and-flare response. Similar tests with dimethyl
phthalate and butopyronoxyl were negative. The response was passively transferred,
suggesting a possible immunologic mechanism. It was indicated that this particular case of
contact urticaria was of immediate-type hypersensitivity (stage 1).
Several cases of a deet-associated toxic
encephalopathy have been reported in young females. A 3.5 year old girl suffered a bizarre
illness after all of a 180 ml aerosol can of deet
had been used each evening for 2 weeks to spray her and her night clothes and bedding.
Because of this exposure and because careful medical examination failed to suggest any
other cause, the possibility was considered that deet
was the cause. However, it was pointed out that, even if the child had absorbed all of the
deet discharged from the aerosol can, the dosage
of active e ingredient would have been only 0.14 ml/kg/day, a level tolerated by animals.
The signs were disorientation, staggering gait, slurred speech, and episodes consisting of
stiffening into a sitting position, crying out, extending the extremities, flexing the
fingers, and dorsiflexing the toes. Therapy, which began 1 day after onset, was
symptomatic. Recovery was complete in 4 days.
A 30 year old man following self-medication with 75% deet
for a papular, truncal, erythematous rash that was later diagnosed as pityriasis rosea. It
was his recollection that he had used deet
successfully to treat a similar condition 4 years previously. Beginning 2 weeks prior to
admission to the hospital, he daily applied deet
on one side of his body and entered a homemade sauna for 60-90 min; he emerged from the
sauna, treated the other side of his body, and reentered the sauna for another 60-90 min.
This procedure was continued for 1 week. He was occasionally lethargic and incoherent
following the deet-sauna treatment. Four days
prior to admission, he developed marked personality changes that included delusions of
grandeur and verbal aggressivity. He became more irritable and belligerent and was
admitted to the hospital, where he required seclusion because of his violent behavior. His
condition worsened and was diagnosed as acute manic psychosis.
Serious adverse effects have occurred when used under tropical conditions, when it was
applied to areas of skin that were occluded during sleep (mainly the antecubital and
popliteal fossae). Under these conditions, the skin became red and tender, then exhibited
blistering and erosion, leaving painful weeping denuded areas that were slow to heal.
Permanent scarring resulted from most of these severe reactions.
Toxic encephalopathic reactions have apparently occurred in rare instances following
dermal application, mainly in children who were intensively treated. The more frequently
cause of systemic toxicity has been ingestion, deliberate in adults, accidental in young
children.
Manifestation of toxic encephalopathy have been behavioral disorders including
headache, restlessness, crying spells, mania, stupor progressing to coma, ataxia,
hyperreflexia, tachypnea, hypotension, tremors, and writhing convulsions (athetosis). Some
cases have shown flaccid paralysis and areflexia. Deaths have occurred following very
large doses. Blood levels of DEET found in fatal
systemic poisonings have ranged from 168 to 240 mg/l. Interpretation of DEET
toxicity in some fatal cases has been complicated by effects of simultaneously ingested
ethanol, tranquilizers, and other drugs. One well documented case of anaphylactic reaction
to DEET has been reported. One fatal case of
encephalopathy in a child heterozygous for ornithine carbamoyl transferase deficiency
resembled Reyes syndrome, but the postmortem appearance of the liver was not
characteristic of the syndrome.
Application of deet to the face and arms of
five volunteers daily for 5 consecutive days produced only slight irritation of the face
and nose and some desquamation about the nose. Similar changes, plus dryness of the face
and slight tingling sensation, occurred among those who received applications for 3
consecutive days/week for 6 weeks, but all symptoms disappeared during each 4-day period
of rest.
Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations:
IRRITANT TO ... MUCOUS MEMBRANES ...
Undiluted material is a moderate-to-severe irritant in the eye. Dermal application of
undiluted material and 50% solutions caused no primary irritation in man ...
THE UNDILUTED COMPD MAY IRRITATE MUCOUS MEMBRANES ...
Probable Routes of Human Exposure:
NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 9275 workers (458 of
these are female) are potentially exposed to DEET
in the USA(1).
Emergency Medical Treatment:
Emergency Medical Treatment:
| EMT Copyright Disclaimer: |
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reference. THE COMPLETE POISINDEX(R) DATABASE, AVAILABLE FROM MICROMEDEX, SHOULD BE
CONSULTED FOR ASSISTANCE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC CASES. Copyright
1974-1998 Micromedex, Inc. Denver, Colorado. All Rights Reserved. Any duplication,
replication or redistribution of all or part of the POISINDEX(R) database is a violation
of Micromedex' copyrights and is strictly prohibited. The following Overview, *** INSECT REPELLENTS ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical. |
| Life Support: |
o This overview assumes that basic life support measures
have been instituted.
|
| Clinical Effects: |
SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE
0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o DEET - The most commonly used product in this class is
N,N-Diethyl-M-toluamide, commonly referred to as DEET.
Toxicity is primarily neurologic (encephalopathy,
seizures, movement disorders, coma) and may occur via
oral or dermal exposure, most commonly in children.
Fatalities from ingestion and chronic dermal
application of DEET containing products are rare, but
have been described.
o OTHER COMPOUNDS may include the following:
1. ETHYL HEXANEDIOL is only slightly absorbed across the
skin. However, it is moderately toxic on ingestion,
causing CNS depression, liver, and kidney injury.
2. INDALONE may cause slight skin irritation, plus kidney
and liver damage following protracted application to
the skin of animals.
3. DIMETHYL PHTHALATE has a low order of systemic
toxicity. When the volatilized esters are inhaled,
they are moderately irritating to the mucous
membranes. Extreme oral doses cause CNS depression in
animals.
4. N-OCTYL BICYCLOHEPTENE DICARBOXIMIDE is not irritating
to skin; extreme doses cause excitement, then
depression.
5. 2,3,4,5-BIS (2-BUTYLENE)TETRAHYDRO-2-FURALDEHYDE and
DI-N-PROPYL ISOCINCHOMERONATE have low systemic toxic
potential in mammals, and are not significantly
irritating.
6. N,N-DIETHYLPHENYLACETAMIDE (DEPA) - Hepatotoxic in
animals in large doses.
7. VEHICLES - Ethyl and isopropyl alcohols and freon used
as vehicles may contribute significantly to toxicity
of some formulations.
VITAL SIGNS
0.2.3.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Hypotension after ingestion of DEET may occur.
HEENT
0.2.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Eye exposure to DEET may result in a burning sensation.
A burning sensation of the lips, tongue and mouth may
be noted.
CARDIOVASCULAR
0.2.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Bradycardia is rare but has been reported after dermal
exposure to DEET. Hypotension has been reported after
large oral ingestions.
NEUROLOGIC
0.2.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Confusion, ataxia, hypertonicity, and clonic jerking
progressing to coma and seizures may occur after acute
oral or chronic dermal exposure to DEET.
GASTROINTESTINAL
0.2.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting may develop after
excessive dermal exposure to DEET.
HEPATIC
0.2.9.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Toxic hepatitis may occur after DEET exposure.
DERMATOLOGIC
0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Contact urticaria may develop after DEET use. A
bullous eruption in the antecubital and popliteal
fossae that may progress to painful skin necrosis and
permanent scarring has been described after DEET use.
o 2-ETHYL-1,3-HEXANEDIOL is a skin irritant, erythema may
develop after dermal application.
PSYCHIATRIC
0.2.18.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Acute paranoid psychosis from repeated dermal
application of diethyltoluamide has been reported.
IMMUNOLOGIC
0.2.19.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Anaphylaxis has been reported after topical DEET
application.
|
| Laboratory: |
o Plasma levels of these agents may help to confirm the
diagnosis, but toxic levels have yet to be established.
o Monitor liver and renal function tests carefully in
symptomatic patients.
o Consider CT and lumbar puncture in patients with
neurologic effects to rule out other causes.
|
| Treatment Overview: |
ORAL EXPOSURE
o Coma and seizures can occur rapidly following ingestion
of DEET, within 30 minutes to one hour of ingestion.
Ipecac-induced emesis is not recommended.
1. Cautious lavage with a small-bore soft nasogastric
tube, using small aliquots of water or saline, may be
indicated since the risk of sequelae from absorption of
DEET is high. Activated charcoal should be instilled
before removal of the tube.
o ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as slurry (240
mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in
adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12
years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
o SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine IV; DIAZEPAM
(ADULT: 5 to 10 mg, repeat every 10 to 15 min as
needed. CHILD: 0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg, repeat every 5 min
as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 4 to 8 mg; CHILD: 0.05
to 0.1 mg/kg).
1. Consider phenobarbital if seizures recur after diazepam
30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children > 5 years).
2. Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory
depression, and need for endotracheal intubation.
Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances,
hypoxia.
o NATIONAL PESTICIDE TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK:
1. Provides consultation to poison centers and other
health professionals for the management of pesticide
poisoning. Calls regarding emergency cases requiring
immediate medical response will be transferred to the
Oregon Poison Center. The National Pesticide
Telecommunications Network has a toll-free number,
1-800-858-7378, or if outside the U.S., the
non-toll-free number is 541-737-6094. Hours are 6:30
AM to 4:30 PM Pacific time 7 days/week excluding
holidays. FAX: 1-541-737-0761. email:
nptn@ace.orst.edu
INHALATION EXPOSURE
o INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for
respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing
develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation,
bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and
assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with
beta2 agonist and corticosteroid aerosols.
EYE EXPOSURE
o DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious
amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes. If
irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia
persist, the patient should be seen in a health care
facility.
DERMAL EXPOSURE
o Wash affected areas twice with copious amounts of soap
and water. Alcohol-detergent solutions such as "green
soap" are most efficient for this purpose. A physician
may need to examine the exposed area if irritation or
pain persist after the area is washed.
|
| Range of Toxicity: |
o Ingestion of 25 mL of 50% DEET by a one-year-old child
resulted in severe toxicity.
o Ingestion of 50 mL of 100% DEET by adolescents or adults
has resulted in severe toxicity, and death.
o Extensive daily dermal application of 10 to 15% DEET for 2
days to 3 months has resulted in encephalopathy in
children.
|
Antidote and Emergency Treatment:
If a skin reaction occurs, residual DEET
should be removed by washing the treated area with soap and water. Eye contamination
should be treated by prolonged flushing with clean saline or water. If irritation
persists, medical treatment should be obtained. Steroid or antimicrobial topical
medications may be indicated for severe skin reactions that occasionally follow
application of DEET.
If a substantial amount of DEET has been
ingested within a few hours of treatment, the stomach should be intubated, aspirated, and
lavaged with a slurry of activated charcoal, after every precaution has been taken to
protect the airway from aspiration of gastric contents. A slurry of charcoal, including an
appropriate dose of sorbitol, should be left in the stomach before the tube is withdrawn.
If a very large amount of DEET was swallowed,
repeated doses of charcoal every 2-4 hours may be beneficial.
If dosage ingested was assuredly small, and the patient is fully alert, oral
administration of activated charcoal and sorbitol probably represent optimal management.
If diarrhea has already commenced, the sorbitol should be omitted.
Intravenous electrolytes, plasma and/or whole blood may be needed to combat shock in
severe poisonings. Administer oxygen continuously by mask if respiratory or circulatory
embarrassment is evident. Adrenergic amines may be indicated. If convulsive activity
develops, benzodiazepine or other anticonvulsants may be required.
Animal Toxicity Studies:
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts:
IN 200-DAY FEEDING TRIALS RATS RECEIVING 10000 MG/KG DIET EXHIBITED NO ADVERSE EFFECTS.
ON GASTRIC INTUBATION IN RATS THE ORTHO-ISOMER IS MOST TOXIC AND THE PARA-ISOMER LEAST
TOXIC. ... TOXIC DOSES IN RATS AND RABBITS HAVE PRODUCED DEPRESSION, LOSS OF RIGHTING
REFLEXES, LABORED RESPIRATION, COMA AND TERMINAL CONVULSIONS. ... IN RABBITS ERYTHEMA AND
DESQUAMATION ARE DESCRIBED AS WELL AS PERCUTANEOUS INTOXICATION /AFTER DERMAL APPLICATION
OF UNDILUTED MATERIAL AND 50% SOLN/.
Application of pure N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide to rabbit eyes has caused edema of the
conjunctiva, lacrimation, discharge, and slight transient cloudiness of the corneas.
Injury of the epithelium, indicated by staining with fluorescein, persisted for two days,
but the eyes returned to normal in five days.
100 & 1000 MG/KG WERE APPLIED ON BARE RAT SKIN DAILY BEFORE & DURING ENTIRE
PREGNANCY. CONCEPTION WAS SIMILAR IN TEST GROUP & CONTROLS, WHILE RATE OF
IMPLANTATION, SHOWING DECR IN GROUP GIVEN 100 MG/KG, WAS GREATLY DECR BY 1000 MG/KG DUE TO
PRE-IMPLANTATION AND POST-IMPLANTATION RESORPTION.
AEROSOL SPRAY CONTAINING DEET (3.75-75.0%)
APPLIED TO HORSE'S SKIN. DEET PRODUCED
DERMATOSIS IN ONE OR BOTH OF PAIRED HORSES ADMIN 15% OR GREATER. MOST COMMON SIGN OF
TOXICOSIS WAS HYPERSTEATOSIS. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN APPEARANCE OF HYPERSTEATOSIS &
CONCN WAS DIRECT.
SINGLE DOSE OF N,N-DIETHYL-M-TOLUAMIDE IN CORN OIL WAS ADMIN TO MALE MICE BY GAVAGE IN
DOMINANT LETHAL ASSAY TO EVALUATE ITS MUTAGENICITY IN MALE GERM CELLS. THE CMPD DID NOT
INDUCE A POSITIVE MUTAGENIC RESPONSE.
Rats, both sexes, were exposed for single 4 hr periods to aerosols of M-Det at concn of
4100, 2900 or 2300 mg/cu m. The rats were given a battery of behavioral tests. The results
permitted distinctions to be made between performance at all 3 levels for both males and
females. Tests incl measures of activity endurance, balance, tactical sensitivity,
postexposure learning, and memory of a task learned the day before exposure. Necropsy did
not show any gross physical changes. Thus behavioral tests were able to establish changes
resulting from acute exposures at concn below those at which toxic signs could be seen.
IN A 15 DAY SUBCHRONIC STUDY, RABBITS WERE ADMIN 528 MG/KG/DAY ORALLY. BODY WT GAIN WAS
DECR THROUGHOUT THE STUDY. SERUM CALCIUM LEVELS DECR & CHOLESTEROL & TRIGLYCERIDE
LEVELS INCR SIGNIFICANTLY. NO OTHER TOXIC SIGNS WERE OBSERVED DURING THE 15 DAY TREATMENT
PERIOD.
A comparison of nine commercial repellents was made on human volunteers against Aedes
aegypti using dose-response methods. In the first series of tests measuring intrinsic
repellency (0 hr), stabilene, and MGK Repellent 326 were significantly inferior to deet, dibutylphthalate, indalone, dimethylphthalate,
MGK Repellent II, ethyl hexanediol, and citronyl (ranked by ED50). A second series of
tests conducted to measure the persistence of these compounds, showed stabilene, MGK
Repellent 326, and dibutylphthalate were ineffective after 4 hr. Efficacy ranking by 4 hr
ED50 was indalone, citronyl, dimethylphthalate, ethyl hexanediol, and deet.
The relative superiority of deet in comparison
to other standard repellents is discussed.
Standard and experimental topical repellents were tested against the neotropical sand
fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, using dose-response techniques. Deet,
indalone, and citronyl were the most effective of the standard repellents tested on
humans. ...Comparative sensitivity of this sand fly species to repellents is greater than
that of certain mosquito, flea, tick, and reduviid bug species.
Relative repellency of citronyl, deet,
dimethylphthalate, N-benzoyl piperidine (NBP), and N-toluyl piperidine was evaluated
against Simulium himalayense. The chemical concentrations of 10, 15, and 20% were used on
the skin of human subjects. Citronyl, NBP, and N-toluyl piperidine were better repellents
than deet, and dimethyl phthalate 20% citronyl
provided 8.5 hr average protection, whereas deet
and dimethyl phthalate were effective for 7 and 6 hr, respectively.
Rats killed by dosages in the LD50 range showed lacrimation, chromodacryorrhea,
depression, prostration, tremors, and asphyxial convulsions; respiratory failure usually
preceded cardiac failure.
Five standard topical repellents and a synthetic pyrethroid were evaluated against the
tsetse Glossina morsitans using a dose-response testing procedure on white rabbits. The
repellents, in decreasing order of effectiveness based on 0 hr ED50 tests, were
dimethylphthalate, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, and indalone were significantly (p<0.05)
more potent than citronyl. None of the materials tested were significantly more effective
than deet. ...
/It was/ found that single dermal applications to rabbits at rates of about 2000 or
4000 mg/kg produced no systemic effect but did produce mild to moderate erythema. Repeated
dermal application of 50% solutions for 13 weeks at the rate of about 200 mg/kg/day
produced no evidence of systemic toxicity but did produce desquamation, coriaceousness,
dryness, and fissuring in the same species. Except for some scarring, these lesions
cleared within 3 weeks. Instillation of deet
into the eyes of rabbits produced mild to moderate edema of the nictitating membrane,
lacrimation, conjunctivitis, and some corneal injury, as revealed by fluorescein staining.
After 5 days all eyes appeared normal. The irritating effects of deet
at the dermal application site and to the eye have been corroborated by others. No
sensitization was seen in guinea pigs.
When rats were fed deet at a dietary level of
10,000 ppm for about 200 days, their growth was decreased without a decrease in food
intake. There was a significant increase in the relative weight of the testes and liver in
males, of the liver and spleen in females, and of the kidneys in both males and females.
Some of these changes were seen in lesser degree at a dietary level of 1000 ppm. No gross
or significant histological changes were seen at any dietary level, and no changes of any
kind were observed at 100 or 500 ppm (about 25 mg/kg/day).
The cardiovascular effects of deet was
examined in in rats and dogs. When anesthetized rats were treated intraperitoneally with
75% deet in ethyl alcohol at dosages of 225,
125, and 63 mg/kg, a dose-related drop in mean blood pressure was observed within 30 min;
heart rate also was reduced at 225 mg/kg. Dogs similarly treated at 225 mg/kg had
decreased blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output, along with minor changes in the
electrocardiogram. Deet at 225 mg/kg also
reduced the responsiveness of anesthetized rats to exogenous acetylcholine, indicating
that the hypotensive effects of the repel lent
might be due partly to an interaction with cholinergic systems.
Similar results were found in other subacute dermal and feeding studies with deet in rats, rabbits, and dogs. In these oral
studies, 2000 ppm proved to be a no-effect level. Oral administration of deet
to dogs at rates of 100 and 300 mg/kg/day caused tremor and hyperactivity and occasional
vomiting, but no other effects. Blood studies (hemoglobin, hematocrit, sedimentation rate,
platelet counts, total and differential white cell counts) on dogs receiving 300 mg/kg
orally or dermally or on rabbits receiving 300 mg/kg dermally revealed no effect on the
hematopoetic system.
Non-Human Toxicity Values:
LD50 Rat (male) oral 3000 mg/kg
LD50 Rat (female) oral 2000 mg/kg
LD50 Rabbit dermal was about 3180 mg/kg
Ecotoxicity Values:
LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 110 mg/l/96 hr at 25 deg C with a water
hardness of 45.0 mg/l CaCO3
EC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 75.7 mg/l/96 hr at 25 deg C with a water
hardness of 45.0 mg/l CaCO3, toxic effect: loss of equilibrium and death
TSCA Test Submissions:
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (CAS # 134-62-3) was evaluated for acute oral toxicity. The
test substance was administered to male albino Charles River CD rats. Dosages and
mortality data are as follows: 0.4 g/kg (0/3); 0.8 g/kg (0/3); 1.6 g/kg (0/3); 3.2 g/kg
(1/3); 5.0 g/kg (3/3). Signs of intoxication included lethargy, ataxia, ptosis,
salivation, slow respiration, lacrimation, prostration, and loss of righting reflex. Gross
autopsy revealed moderately red and swollen (2x) small intestines with a clear fluid and
marked to moderate lung redness. There were no visible lesions in the survivors. The LD50
was roughly estimated to between 3.2 and 5.0 g/kg.
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (CAS # 134-62-3) was evaluated for subchronic toxicity. The
test substance was administered by subcutaneous injection to 30-35/group mated female
Sprague-Dawley rats (Crl:CD (SD)BR) for 10 days at dosage levels of 0.5, 0.62, 0.78, 0.96,
or 1.0 ml/kg/day or 1.0 ml water/kg/day (control). No females survived 10 days of dosing
with 1.0 ml/kg/day. Deaths occurred in all groups except the low dose (0.5 ml/kg/day)
group. The LD50 was determined to be 0.71 ml/kg/day. There was no significant increase in
body weights, but liver and kidney weights were significantly increased. At 0.62
ml/kg/day, fetal weights were significantly reduced. No gross external malformations were
noted.
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (CAS # 134-62-3) was evaluated for subchronic toxicity. The
test substance was administered by subcutaneous injection to 20/group male Sprague-Dawley
rats for 5 days/week for 9 weeks. Dosages and mortality data are as follows: 0.30
ml/kg/day (0/20); 0.47 ml/kg/day (4/19); 0.73 ml/kg/day (1/20); 1.15 ml/kg/day (18/20); or
1.8 ml/kg/day (20/20). One male in the 0.47 ml/kg/day group and another in the 1.80
ml/kg/day group failed to impregnate at least one female in a companion reproductive
toxicity and teratology study. Necropsy of the males revealed hemorrhagic lungs in the 5
rats that died in the 0.47 and 0.73 ml/kg/day groups. Several males developed lesions at
one or several injection sites. Clinical signs included partial paralysis of the hind
limbs, varying degrees of self-mutilation (cannablized the toes from their feet), and a
dose-related decline in the rotorod performance test.
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (CAS # 134-62-3) was evaluated for teratogenicity. The test
substance was administered by subcutaneous injection to 30-35/group mated female
Sprague-Dawley rats (Crl:CD (SD)BR) on gestation days 6-15 at dosage levels of 0.5, 0.62,
0.78, 0.96, or 1.0 ml/kg/day or 1.0 ml water/kg/day (control). Males selected for breeding
received subcutaneous injections of the test substance 5 days/week for 9 weeks at dosage
levels of 0.30 or 0.73 ml/kg/day. No mortality occurred in treated females, but maternal
toxicity was reflected in reduced body weights, a transient reduction in food consumption,
and increased maternal liver weight. Clinical signs included a partial paralysis of the
hind limbs in 2 rats. Two grossly malformed fetuses were observed, one control fetus with
omphalocele (umbilical hernia) and one treated fetus with craniorachischisis (fissure of
skull and spinal column) and an open eye.
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (CAS # 134-62-3) was evaluated for chromosomal effects. No
treatment-related induction of mutations was evident in dominant lethal tests using
30-35/group mated female Sprague-Dawley rats (Crl:CD (SD)BR) receiving dosage levels of
0.5, 0.62, 0.78, 0.96, or 1.0 ml/kg/day or 1.0 ml/kg/day (control) by subcutaneous
injection for 10 days; mated with 20/group male Sprague-Dawley rats at dosage levels of
0.30, 0.47, 0.73, 1.15, or 1.8 ml/kg/day by subcutaneous injection for 5 days/week for 9
weeks. No further information was provided in regards to the dominant lethal test.
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (CAS # 134-62-3) was evaluated for chromosomal aberrations and
sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The test substance was
tested with and without an Aroclor 1254 induced rat liver S-9 activation system.
Aberration induction was evaluated over a range of 0.2 ul/ml to 1.0 ul/ml and SCE
induction at 0.2 ul/ml to 0.8 ul/ml. No increase in either aberrations or SCE was seen in
the absence of S-9, but in its presence dose related increases to significance levels of p
<0.01 for aberrations and p <0.001 for SCE were observed.
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (CAS # 134-62-3) was evaluated for forward mutation in L5178Y
TK+/- mouse lymphoma cells with and without the presence of S-9 metabolizing system
prepared from the livers of Aroclor 1254 induced rats. The test substance was negative
over the dose range of 0.01 to 0.9 ul/ml without S-9, but was positive (increased mutant
frequency by twice the background) at a dose of 0.15 ul/ml with activation. The test
substance was determined to have a weak mutagenic potential.
Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics:
Metabolism/Metabolites:
OXIDATION OF THE BENZYLIC MOIETY AND HYDROXYLATION OF SIDE-CHAIN OF DEET
MOLECULES APPEARED TO BE PREDOMINANT ROUTES OF METABOLISM IN MAN.
Although the metabolites of deet have yet to
be completely characterized, found m-toluric, hippuric, and benzoic acids in urine of rats
and rabbits exposed to deet in aerosol form; no
unchanged deet was detected. By use of
autoradiography following intravenous injection of radiocarbon-labeled deet
into mice, high tissue levels were found initially in the liver, kidney, lacrimal gland,
and nasal mucosa. Very soon, concentrations higher than that in blood were found in the
thyroid and brown fat. Concentrations were highest and most persistent in the lacrimal
gland. Concentrations in the fetus remained lower than those in the mother. By 4 hr after
injection, very little radioactivity remained in any tissue, except the lacrimal gland. Deet does cross the placenta; however, pregnant
rabbits receiving repeated dermal applications of deet
throughout gestation showed no evidence of bioaccumulation in maternal tissue or
individual fetuses. ...
Absorption, Distribution & Excretion:
(14)C-DEET IN 0.3% SOLN OF 20% ETHANOL WAS
APPLIED TO BACKS OF MICE. HIGH CONCN OF RADIOACTIVITY FOUND IN LACRIMAL GLAND, LIVER,
BILE, INTESTINAL CONTENTS, KIDNEY, URINE, & NASAL MUCOSA. RESULTS WERE SIMILAR TO
THOSE OBTAINED AFTER IV ADMIN. A 25% SOLN OF (14)C-DEET
IN ABSOLUTE ALC WAS APPLIED TO HUMAN VOLUNTEERS, & URINARY EXCRETION WAS MEASURED.
URINARY CONCN REACHED A PEAK AFTER SEVERAL HOURS.
(14)C-DEET WAS RAPIDLY RESORBED IN LARGE AMT
BY SKIN OF MICE & PENETRATED INTO BLOOD WITH MAX CONCN IN 1 HR. EXCRETION WAS ALMOST
COMPLETE FROM BLOOD WITHIN 1-3 DAYS & MOST WAS EXCRETED IN URINE. RESIDUAL AMT
DETECTED FOR 1-3 MO IN SKIN, FATTY TISSUE, & MUSCLES.
AT AN APPLICATION DOSE OF 0.25 UG/SQ CM, 9.6% IN VIVO & 9.7% IN VITRO /OF THE
ADMINISTERED DOSE/ EVAPORATED FROM THE SKIN OF HUMANS IN THE FIRST HR AFTER APPLICATION.
After intravenous injection, DET is rapidly distributed through the body /of mice/ and
quickly recovered in urine within the first 8 hr. The cmpd is selectively concentrated
within the lacrimal glands, nasal mucosa, and mouse yolk sac.
Deet is absorbed and distributed rather
rapidly following movement through the skin. ... Topically applied radioactive deet reached a maximum concentration in the blood by 1
hr postapplication; it was almost completely eliminated from the blood within 1-3 days. Deet is rapidly eliminated mainly in the urine and to
a lesser extent in the feces.
DEET is efficiently absorbed across the skin
and by the gut. Blood concentrations of about 3 mg/l have been reported several hours
after dermal application in the prescribed fashion.
Using radioautography following iv injection of (14)C-deet,
high tissue levels were found at first in the liver, kidney, lacrimal gland, and nasal
mucosa. Very soon, concentrations higher than that in the blood were found in the thyroid
and brown fat. Concentrations were highest and most persistent in the lacrimal gland.
Concentrations in the fetus remained lower than those in the mother. Excretion was rapid
and mainly by way of the kidney. By 4 hours after injection, very little radioactivity
remained in any tissue, except the lacrimal gland ... An essentially similar picture was
seen following dermal application. However, low levels of excretion continued during the
entire 1 month period of observation. Direct measurement of the skin indicated that
persistent excretion depended mainly on continuing absorption from the skin ... .
Pharmacology:
Environmental Fate & Exposure:
Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary:
DEET's production and use as an insect
repellent will result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If
released to the atmosphere, DEET will mainly
exist in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere based on a measured vapor pressure of
5.6X10-3 mm Hg at 20 deg C. Vapor-phase DEET is
degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals
with an estimated half-life of about 15 hours. An estimated Koc of 300 suggests that DEET will have moderate mobility in soil.
Volatilization from dry and moist soil surfaces should not be a major fate process for
this compound. Based on limited data, this compound should not readily biodegrade under
either aerobic or anaerobic conditions in both soil and water. In water, DEET
may adsorb to suspended matter in the water column based on its Koc value. DEET is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces
given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.9X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. Bioconcentration in
aquatic organisms should not occur based on BCF values of 0.8-2.4, measured in carp.
Occupational exposure to DEET may occur during
spraying operations. The general population may be exposed to this compound through dermal
application of this compound. (SRC)
Probable Routes of Human Exposure:
NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 9275 workers (458 of
these are female) are potentially exposed to DEET
in the USA(1).
Artificial Pollution Sources:
DEET's production and use as an insect
repellent(1) will result in its release to the environment through various waste
streams(SRC).
Environmental Fate:
TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc
value of 300(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow(2) and a recommended
regression-derived equation(3), indicates that DEET
will have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Based on limited data, this compound should not
readily biodegrade under either aerobic(4) or anaerobic conditions(5). DEET's
experimental vapor pressure(6) and estimated Henry's Law constant(7,SRC) indicate that
volatilization from dry and moist soil surfaces is not likely to be a major fate process
for this compound(SRC).
AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value
of 300(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow(2) and a recommended regression-derived
equation(3), indicates that DEET may adsorb to
suspended solids and sediment(SRC) in the water column. Based on limited data, this
compound should not readily biodegrade under either aerobic(4) or anaerobic conditions(5).
DEET is not expected to volatilize from water
surfaces based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.1X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC),
developed using a fragment constant estimation method(6). BCF values from 0.8-2.4(4),
measured in carp, suggest that DEET will not
bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC), according to a recommended classification
scheme(7).
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a suggested classification scheme(1), a measured vapor
pressure of 5.6X10-3 mm Hg at 20 deg C(2) indicates that DEET
will mainly exist in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase DEET is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with
photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is
estimated to be about 15 hours(3,SRC).
Environmental Biodegradation:
An aquifer slurry from a sulfate-reducing site was unable to biodegrade DEET; at 0, 1, 8, and 11 months incubation a
concentration of 171, 194, 198, and 199 uM DEET
was measured(1). An aquifer slurry from a methanogenic site was unable to biodegrade DEET; at 0, 1, 8, and 11 months incubation a
concentration of 194, 192, 190, and 199 uM Deet
was measured(1). Biodegradation of DEET was
measured under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions; under anaerobic conditions DEET was biodegraded giving an unidentified
metabolite(2). DEET, at 100 mg/L, did not
biodegrade under aerobic conditions over a period of 4 weeks with a sewage inoculum;
biodegradation was monitored using BOD measurements(3).
Environmental Abiotic Degradation:
The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of DEET
with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.5X10-11 cu
cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This
corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 15 hours at an atmospheric concentration
of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC).
Environmental Bioconcentration:
BCF values of 0.8-2.4 were measured in carp exposed to DEET
at 0.05 to 0.5 mg/l(1). According to a recommended classification scheme(2), these BCF
values suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will be low(SRC).
Soil Adsorption/Mobility:
The Koc of DEET is estimated as approximately
300(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 2.02(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC).
According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests
that DEET has moderate mobility in soil(SRC).
Volatilization from Water/Soil:
The Henry's Law constant for DEET is
estimated as 2.1X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1).
This value indicates that DEET will be
essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2,SRC). DEET's
values for vapor pressure, 5.6X10-3 mm Hg(3) and Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) suggest that
volatilization from dry and moist soil surfaces will not occur(SRC).
Environmental Water Concentrations:
GROUNDWATER: Groundwater sampled from beneath the Hipps Road Landfill, Jacksonville, FL
in 1984 contained DEET at unreported
concentrations(1). DEET was identified in
groundwater from the Besos basin in NE Spain at concentrations of not-detected to 34
ng/L(2).
SURFACE WATER: DEET was measured in 5 of 8
water samples taken at various locations along the Rhine River in The Netherlands delta at
concentrations of 0.021-0.046 ug/L(1).
Effluent Concentrations:
DEET was reported at 214 superfund sites at
unreported concentrations(1). Primary-treated municipal wastewater and sludge from the
Iona Island treatment plant, Vancouver, British Columbia, during 1982, contained DEET at unreported concentrations(2). DEET was measured in 3 of 3 leachate samples taken
from a Swedish municipal landfill (Gryta, Vasteras) in 1990(3).
Environmental Standards & Regulations:
FIFRA Requirements:
As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of
older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions
about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health
and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1,
1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all
pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996.
N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide and other isomers is found on List A, which contains most food
use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active
ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in
1988. Case No: 0002; Pesticide type: insecticide (insect repellent); Registration Standard
Date: 12/01/80; Case Status: RED Approved 04/98; OPP has made a decision that some/all
uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration
Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide
and other isomers; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 10/13/95; AI Status: OPP has completed a
Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document for the case/AI.
Chemical/Physical Properties:
Molecular Formula:
C12-H17-N-O
Molecular Weight:
191.26
Color/Form:
LIQUID
WATER WHITE TO AMBER
Odor:
NEARLY ODORLESS
Boiling Point:
160 DEG C @ 19 MM HG
Density/Specific Gravity:
0.996 @ 20 DEG C/4 DEG C
Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient:
Log Kow = 2.02
Solubilities:
FREELY SOL IN ALC, ETHER, BENZENE; SPARINGLY SOL IN PETROLEUM ETHER
MISCIBLE WITH ETHANOL, 2-PROPANOL, COTTONSEED OIL, PROPYLENE GLYCOL
Solubility in water = >1000 mg/L at room temperature
Spectral Properties:
INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.5212 @ 20 DEG C/D
Intense mass spectral peaks: 119 m/z (100%), 190 m/z (46%), 91 m/z (41%), 191 m/z (17%)
IR: 2:942F (Aldrich Library of Infrared Spectra, Aldrich Chemical Co, Milwaukee, WI)
NMR: 7:74C (Aldrich Library of Mass Spectra, Aldrich Chemical Co, Milwaukee, WI)
Vapor Pressure:
0.0056 mm Hg at 20 deg C
Other Chemical/Physical Properties:
Sensitive to strong acids and alkalies; Technical grade viscosity = 13.3 mPa s at 30
deg C and density = 0.996-0.998 at 24 deg C
Chemical Safety & Handling:
Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations:
IRRITANT TO ... MUCOUS MEMBRANES ...
Undiluted material is a moderate-to-severe irritant in the eye. Dermal application of
undiluted material and 50% solutions caused no primary irritation in man ...
THE UNDILUTED COMPD MAY IRRITATE MUCOUS MEMBRANES ...
Protective Equipment & Clothing:
Since absorption can occur through the skin and has produced human disease, protective
clothing made from butyl rubber should be used in a high concentration environment.
Preventive Measures:
Avoid skin and eye contact with the concentrate.
Stability/Shelf Life:
Sensitive to strong acids and alkalis.
Disposal Methods:
SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill)
disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land
disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory
agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
Occupational Exposure Standards:
Manufacturing/Use Information:
Major Uses:
DIETHYLTOLUAMIDE IS AN INSECT REPELLENT
ESPECIALLY EFFECTIVE AGAINST MOSQUITOES. O- AND P-ISOMERS ARE HIGHLY REPELLENT BUT LESS
EFFECTIVE THAN M-ISOMER.
REPELLENT FOR MOSQUITOES, BITING FLIES, GNATS, CHIGGERS, TICKS, FLEAS, & CERTAIN
OTHER BITING INSECTS. SAFE FOR USE ON HUMAN SKIN. USED IN PRESSURIZED &
NON-PRESSURIZED INSECT REPELLENTS.
Manufacturers:
Hoechst Celanese Corp, Route 202-206 North, PO Box 2500, Somerville, NJ 08876 (908)
231-2000. Chemicals Group, Specialty Chemicals, 77 Center Drive, Building 5200, Charlotte,
NC 28217 (704) 559-6000. Production Site: Mount Holly, NC 28120
Morflex, Inc., 2110 High Point Road, Greensboro, NC 27403 (910) 292-1781. Production
Site: Greensboro, NC 27403
Methods of Manufacturing:
/PREPARED/ FROM M-TOLUOYL CHLORIDE AND DIETHYLAMINE IN BENZENE OR ETHER.
General Manufacturing Information:
US PATENT: 2,408,389
Discontinued by Chemical Formulators, Nitro, WV and by Hercules Inc, Brunswick, GA
Most repellents for mosquitoes and other biting arthropods have been developed through
US government research programs since 1940 for use as cloth or skin treatments and appear
to be safe to users. N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)
has proven to be the best all-purpose repellent yet developed, effective against most
species of disease-bearing and nuisance mosquitoes. It has a large share of the commercial
market, alone or combined with other effective but less general repellents such as
2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol. ... DEET is also
effective against crawling arthropods (ticks and chigger mites) ...
The release time of repellent chemicals methyl nonyl ketone, di-methylphthalate, and
N,N-diethyl-n-toluamide from porous propylene slabs was much higher (approximately 7 times
more) than from porous propylene powders. The release time was a function of initial
concentration and was inversely proportional to vapor pressure in case of porous powder.
Compatibility: miscible with other repellents.
Formulations/Preparations:
Aerosol bombs, creams, stick, and soln in isopropanol.
WITH ETHYL OR ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL, WITH OTHER REPELLENTS.
TECHNICAL PRODUCT CONTAINS 85-95% M-ISOMER ...
LIQUID REPELLENT "OFF" IS COMPOSED OF EQUAL PARTS OF
/N,N-DIETHYL-M-TOLUAMIDE/ AND AN INERT LIQUID; PRESSURIZED SPRAY IS 15% SOLN IN DENATURED
ALCOHOL WITH FREON GAS.
Emulsifiable concentrate; Emulsion, water in oil
Laboratory Methods:
Clinical Laboratory Methods:
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS FOR URINARY METABOLITES OF DEET IN HUMANS.
Analytic Laboratory Methods:
GC ANALYSIS AND SEPARATION OF DEET AND
ISOMERS.
Product analysis: IR spectroscopic measurement of absorbance at 14.18 and 14.48 um in
carbon disulfide ... (WHO Specifications for Pesticides, 3rd edition, Geneva 242-43
(1967). Elemental analysis: calculated 7.28% nitrogen. Residue analysis: a gas
chromatographic method is available from Hercules, Inc.
Product analysis by IR spectrometry or by GLC
DEET was identified in landfill leachate
using GC/MS after acidification and extraction steps.
DEET was measured in river water using XAD-4
concentration followed by a combination of GC and HPLC and analysis using MS.
EMSLC Method #633. Organonitrogen Pesticides in Wastewater. Method uses GC/NPD.
Detection limit=3.4 ug/L.
EPA-B Method PMD-DEE. Deet by GC. Method uses
GC/FID.
EPA-B Method PMD-DEE. Deet by HPLC. Method
uses HPLC/UV.
Special References:
Synonyms and Identifiers:
Synonyms:
AI 3-22542
**PEER REVIEWED**
AUTAN
**PEER REVIEWED**
BENZAMIDE, N,N-DIETHYL-3-METHYL-
**PEER REVIEWED**
CHEMFORM
**PEER REVIEWED**
DELPHENE
**PEER REVIEWED**
M-DELPHENE
**PEER REVIEWED**
DET
**PEER REVIEWED**
M-DET
**PEER REVIEWED**
DETA
**PEER REVIEWED**
M-DETA
**PEER REVIEWED**
DETA-20
**PEER REVIEWED**
DETAMIDE
**PEER REVIEWED**
DET (INSECT REPELLANT)
**PEER REVIEWED**
DIELTAMID
**PEER REVIEWED**
N,N-DIETHYL-3-METHYLBENZAMIDE
**PEER REVIEWED**
DIETHYLTOLUAMIDE
**PEER REVIEWED**
N,N-DIETHYL-M-TOLUAMIDE
**PEER REVIEWED**
ENT 20,218
**PEER REVIEWED**
ENT 22542
**PEER REVIEWED**
FLYPEL
**PEER REVIEWED**
METADELPHENE
**PEER REVIEWED**
3-METHYL-N,N-DIETHYLBENZAMIDE
**PEER REVIEWED**
MGK
**PEER REVIEWED**
MGK Diethyltoluamide
**PEER REVIEWED**
NAUGATUCK DET
**PEER REVIEWED**
OFF
**PEER REVIEWED**
Repel
**PEER REVIEWED**
REPPER-DET
**PEER REVIEWED**
REPUDIN-SPECIAL
**PEER REVIEWED**
M-TOLUAMIDE, N,N-DIETHYL-
**PEER REVIEWED**
M-TOLUIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE
**PEER REVIEWED**
Formulations/Preparations:
Aerosol bombs, creams, stick, and soln in isopropanol.
WITH ETHYL OR ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL, WITH OTHER REPELLENTS.
TECHNICAL PRODUCT CONTAINS 85-95% M-ISOMER ...
LIQUID REPELLENT "OFF" IS COMPOSED OF EQUAL PARTS OF
/N,N-DIETHYL-M-TOLUAMIDE/ AND AN INERT LIQUID; PRESSURIZED SPRAY IS 15% SOLN IN DENATURED
ALCOHOL WITH FREON GAS.
Emulsifiable concentrate; Emulsion, water in oil
RTECS Number:
NIOSH/XS3675000
Administrative Information:
Hazardous Substances Databank Number: 1582
Last Revision Date: 20010808
Last Review Date: Reviewed by SRP on 5/16/1996
Update History:
Field Update on 08/08/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/12/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/09/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/19/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/27/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/23/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/17/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/08/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/13/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/07/1996, 42 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 01/21/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 12/28/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/01/1994, 30 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 03/21/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 04/27/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 12/21/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 03/07/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/04/1985
Record Length: 79024