PROPOXUR
Human Health Effects:
Human Toxicity Excerpts:
ADULT VOLUNTEER ... INGESTED 1.5 MG/KG ... EXPERIENCED PROMPT FALL IN RED CELL
CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY THAT REACHED MIN OF 27% OF NORMAL IN 15 MIN. THIS WAS QUICKLY
FOLLOWED BY BLURRED VISION, NAUSEA, PALLOR, SWEATING, TACHYCARDIA & VOMITING. ALL
SYMPTOMS ... ABATED & ENZYME LEVELS ... NORMAL BY 2 HR ... .
Symptomatology: 1. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea & excessive
salivation, ... sweating. 2. Lassitude & weakness. 3. Rhinorrhea and sensation of
tightness in chest may occur with inhalation exposure. 4. Blurring or dimness of vision.
Miosis, ... tearing, ciliary muscle spasm, loss of accommodation and ocular pain. None of
these ... signs ... is dependable for diagnosis. Mydriasis may be seen ... 5. Loss of
muscle coordinatin, slurring of speech, fasciculation & twitching of muscles. 6.
Difficulty in breathing, excessive secretions of saliva and of resp tract mucus, oronasal
frothing, cyanosis, pulmonary rales & rhonchi, and hypertension. 7. ... Jerky
movements, incontinence, convulsions and coma. 8. Death ... due to resp arrest of central
origin, paralysis of resp muscles, intense bronchoconstriction or all three. /Carbaryl/
HUMAN ADULTS HAVE INGESTED SINGLE DOSES OF 90 MG APPARENTLY WITHOUT SYMPTOMS.
DURING WIDE USAGE IN MALARIA CONTROL ACTIVITIES BY WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, ONLY A
FEW MILD CASES OF POISONING ... NOTED.
Moderate but transient toxicity has also been observed following exposure to a few of
the more potent carbamate ester insecticides such as ... propoxur
(Baygon) ...
Medical Surveillance:
The clinical picture is similar to the muscarinic and nicotinic effects of
organophosphates, but usually is less severe. Symptoms develop within 15 minutes to 2
hours and last several hours unless continued absorption occurs from clothing. Blurred
vision, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, salivation, and diaphoresis are common.
Dyspnea, tremors, muscle twitching, ataxia, and headache also appear. Symptom beyond 24
hours probably do not result from carbamate intoxication. /Carbamate/
Probable Routes of Human Exposure:
People may be exposed to propoxur in indoor
air via inhalation or dermal contact where it is used to control cockroaches, flies and
mosquitoes and outdoors when it is used to control lawn and turf insects(1). Exposure
would be particularly high indoors(SRC).
Propoxur was detected in 6 of 9 personal air
samples of retired or semiretired persons in a pilot project of pesticide exposure(3). The
concentrations measured ranged up to 0.60 ug/cu m, 0.10 ug/cu m, mean. Outside these
houses, on the patio or porch, 4 of the nine samples contained propoxur
ranging up to 0.0039 ug/cu m, 0.0034 ug/cu m, mean.
Emergency Medical Treatment:
Emergency Medical Treatment:
| EMT Copyright Disclaimer: |
| Portions of the POISINDEX(R) database are provided here for general
reference. THE COMPLETE POISINDEX(R) DATABASE, AVAILABLE FROM MICROMEDEX, SHOULD BE
CONSULTED FOR ASSISTANCE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC CASES. Copyright
1974-1998 Micromedex, Inc. Denver, Colorado. All Rights Reserved. Any duplication,
replication or redistribution of all or part of the POISINDEX(R) database is a violation
of Micromedex' copyrights and is strictly prohibited. The following Overview, *** CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical. |
| Life Support: |
o This overview assumes that basic life support measures
have been instituted.
|
| Clinical Effects: |
SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE
0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Carbamates are well absorbed from all routes of
exposure. Exposure may lead to cholinergic crisis with
increased salivation, lacrimation, urinary
incontinence, diarrhea, gastrointestinal cramping, and
emesis (SLUDGE syndrome). The syndrome may be
indistinguishable from that seen after organophosphate
poisoning.
o The usual cause of death is respiratory failure.
Predominant serious toxicity is related to central
nervous system depression and nicotinic effects. CNS
effects may include stupor, coma, seizures and
hypotonicity. Hypertension and tachycardia or
cardiorespiratory depression may occur.
o Children may be more likely to develop CNS depression,
seizures and hypotonia than typical SLUDGE syndrome.
Absence of classic muscarinic effects has been
reported in a series of 36 children intoxicated with
carbamate insecticides.
HEENT
0.2.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Miosis and blurred vision are common. Mydriasis may
occur.
CARDIOVASCULAR
0.2.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Bradycardias, ST depression, tachycardias, and
hypertension have been reported.
RESPIRATORY
0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Dyspnea, wheezing, rales, increased bronchial
secretions, respiratory muscle weakness and respiratory
failure may occur. Usual cause of death is
respiratory failure.
o Aspiration pneumonitis may occur.
o Laryngeal irritation and associated cough is common
following inhalation of dusting powders.
NEUROLOGIC
0.2.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o In severe poisoning, respiratory depression, mental
confusion, unconsciousness, brain hemorrhages, and
seizures may occur. Children may be more susceptible
to seizures than adults.
o Headache, blurred vision, tremor, paresis, mental
depression, coma, delayed neuropathies, various
dystonias, weakness, muscle twitching may be noted.
GASTROINTESTINAL
0.2.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramping have
been reported and are common.
o Pancreatitis has been reported.
HEMATOLOGIC
0.2.13.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Disseminated intravascular coagulation has been
reported in humans. Brain hemorrhages were seen in one
case. Animals have experienced decreased hemoglobin,
RBC count, platelets, and erythrocyte sedimentation.
DERMATOLOGIC
0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o A possible occupational effect is contact dermatitis.
Diaphoresis may be seen after exposure. Cellulitis was
seen after injection of household spray.
MUSCULOSKELETAL
0.2.15.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Rhabdomyolysis may occur.
|
| Laboratory: |
o Determine plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase. o Obtain a chest x-ray in symptomatic patients. |
| Treatment Overview: |
ORAL EXPOSURE
o Emesis is NOT recommended because of the possibility of
seizures or respiratory depression developing prior to
or during emesis.
o ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as slurry (240
mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in
adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12
years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
o GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a
potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can
be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1
hour). Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg and
left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal
intubation. Control any seizures first.
1. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes
or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated
patients; following ingestion of corrosives;
hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at
risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and
trivial or non-toxic ingestion.
o ADMINISTER ATROPINE SULFATE - in repeated doses
intravenously until atropinization is achieved
(indicated by drying of pulmonary secretions).
1. ADULT DOSE - 2 to 4 milligrams every 10 to 15 minutes.
2. CHILD - 0.05 milligram/kilogram every 10 to 15 minutes.
o Administer pralidoxime if severe toxicity develops.
1. PRALIDOXIME (Protopam, 2-PAM): Treat moderate to
severe poisoning (fasciculations, muscle weakness,
respiratory depression, coma, seizures) with 2-PAM in
addition to atropine; most effective if given within 48
hours, but has had efficacy up to 6 days. May require
administration for several days.
a. INITIAL DOSE: ADULT: 1 to 2 g in 100 to 150 ml 0.9%
saline IV over 30 min. CHILD: 20 to 50 mg/kg as a
5% solution IV over 30 min.
b. Repeat these doses in 1 hour and then every 6 to 12
hours if muscle weakness or fasciculations persist,
or begin continuous infusion.
c. CONTINUOUS INFUSION: Administer as a 2.5% solution in
0.9% saline. ADULT: 500 mg/hour. CHILD: 9 to 19
mg/kg/hour.
o SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine IV; DIAZEPAM
(ADULT: 5 to 10 mg, repeat every 10 to 15 min as
needed. CHILD: 0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg, repeat every 5 min
as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 4 to 8 mg; CHILD: 0.05
to 0.1 mg/kg).
1. Consider phenobarbital if seizures recur after diazepam
30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children > 5 years).
2. Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory
depression, and need for endotracheal intubation.
Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances,
hypoxia.
INHALATION EXPOSURE
o INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for
respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing
develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation,
bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and
assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with
beta2 agonist and corticosteroid aerosols.
EYE EXPOSURE
o DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious
amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes. If
irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia
persist, the patient should be seen in a health care
facility.
DERMAL EXPOSURE
o DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and
jewelry. Wash the skin, including hair and nails,
vigorously; do repeated soap washings. Discard
contaminated clothing.
|
| Range of Toxicity: |
o Acute toxicity depends on kinetics of absorption ie,
sudden absorption of a low toxicity compound may have a
greater effect. Aldicarb is considered the most toxic
carbamate.
|
Antidote and Emergency Treatment:
The clinical approach to carbamate toxicity is similar to that for organophosphate
poisoning; the major exception is that pralidoxime usually is not recommended.
/Carbamates/
Stabilization: Assess the adequacy of the airway and ventilation and use oxygen,
suction, intubation, artificial ventilation, intravenous lines, and cardiac monitors as
needed. /Carbamates/
Decontamination: The usual measures of decontamination (ipecac/lavage, charcoal,
cathartics) may be used when the patient presents within 2-4 hours of exposure. Container
identification is important to determine appropriate therapeutic measures, since the
vehicle (eg, hydrocarbon, methanol) may be as toxic as the insecticide. When syrup of
ipecac is used, the patient must be observed closely to prevent aspiration. In
experimental animals, carbaryl was not well absorbed by activated charcoal, but use of
activated charcoal is still recommended because of its freedom from side effects. Be sure
to remove contaminated clothing and wash.
Elimination Enhancement: No methods are recommended, because of the short clinical
effect of carbamates and the presence of an effective antidote (atropine). /Carbamates/
Antidotes: Atropine is the antidote of choice as in organophosphate poisoning. Although
the total amount of atropine required usually is less, the same initial doses are
recommended. Pralidoxime usually is unnecessary and may reduce the effectiveness of
atropine (especially with carbaryl). ... Patients require approximately 6-12 hours of
atropine treatment, but all significantly poisoned patients should be observed at least 24
hours after the last atropine dose. /Carbamates/
Animal Toxicity Studies:
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts:
BAYGON INHIBITS CHOLINESTERASE ... HOWEVER
... INHIBITION IS RAPIDLY REVERSIBLE. FOLLOWING ACUTE, LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURES, SYMPTOMS WHICH
DO OCCUR ARE TRANSITORY IN NATURE.
... PERMANENT BEHAVIORAL ABERRATIONS /WERE DOCUMENTED/ IN RATS WHICH RECEIVED CARBARYL
OR PROPOXUR REPEATEDLY ... . /CARBARYL/
DERMAL TOXICITY TO RATS 1000 MG/KG AS OIL SUSPENSION WITHOUT SYMPTOMS OF INTOXICATION
OR IRRITATION AFTER 4 HR EXPOSURE TO SHAVED ABDOMEN. SUBCHRONIC FEEDING STUDIES ON RATS
WITH 7.5 MG/KG FOR 28 CONSECUTIVE DAYS SHOWED NO TOXIC SYMPTOMS. NO INHALATION TOXICITY (1
MG/L AIR, 3 TIMES @ HOURLY INTERVALS, REPEATED 5 DAYS).
IN 2-YR FEEDING TRIALS MALE & FEMALE RATS RECEIVING 250 MG ACTIVE INGREDIENT/KG
DIET SHOWED NO ILL EFFECT; AT 750 MG/KG DIET THE LIVER WEIGHT OF FEMALE RATS INCREASED,
OTHERWISE THERE WAS NO ILL-EFFECT. IT IS HIGHTLY TOXIC TO HONEY BEES.
SIGNS OF INTOXICATION /AFTER ACUTE ORAL ADMIN TO BIRDS/: NUTATION, LACRIMATION, ATAXIA,
MIOSIS, LETHARGY, ASYNERGY, IMBALANCE, SALIVATION, HYPOACTIVITY, GOOSE-STEPPING ATAXIA,
FALLING, TACHYPNEA, DYSPNEA, FASCICULATION, PTOSIS, DIARRHEA, IMMOBILITY, TREMORS,
CONVULSIONS, WINGS SPREAD IN TETANY, AND OPISTHOTONOS. DEPENDING ON THE SPECIES, SIGNS
APPEARED AS SOON AS 5 MIN, MORTALITIES OCCURRED BETWEEN 5 AND 45 MIN OR OVERNIGHT, AND
REMISSION OCCURRED FROM 90 MIN TO SEVERAL DAYS AFTER TREATMENT.
Propoxur was not mutagenic to six strains of
Salmonella typhimurium.
Baygon was administered IG once daily to CD
rats (5 to 50 mg/kg), on the 7th-19th day of gestation or to CD-1 mice (5 to 60 mg/kg) on
days 6-16 of gestation. ... Baygon was not
teratogenic in the CD rat or CD-1 mouse at maternally nontoxic dose levels. ...
The toxicity of /propoxur/ was studied in
rats. Changes in electroencephalogram and in learning ability were observed at lower concn
than changes in cholinesterase inhibition and in body or organ weight. ...
Propoxur was effective only in the reduction
of cholinesterase and increase of liver weight /in rats/. The latter effect was not
accompanied by microsomal induction. Therefore, enzymes were not induced by propoxur, even at grossly toxic levels. Thus, propoxur can safely be recommended for use in lab
animal rooms.
The toxicity of ... propoxur decreased in
rats given Aroclor 1242.
/Propoxur/ was tested against Eisenia foetida
for the purpose of using this organism as the marker species to indicate the relative
toxicities of chemicals to earthworms and other soil invertebrates. The worms were exposed
to deposits of /propoxur/ on filter paper for 48
hr and the mortality was recorded; concn were expressed in ug/sq cm. Based on the
resulting median lethal concn values, /propoxur
was/ classified as supertoxic (<1.0 ug/sq cm), extremely toxic (1-10 ug/sq cm), very
toxic (10-100 ug/sq cm), moderately toxic (100-1000 ug/sq cm) or relatively nontoxic
(>1000 ug/sq cm).
Residual toxicity to adult honeybees (Apis mellifera) of /propoxur/
sprayed on clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) at field rates recommended in Iraq was assessed
by a simple labortory method in which caged bees were fed a blend of 50 clover flowers in
50 ml 25% sucrose syrup. For 6 of the insecticides tested, mortality was over 90% in bees
fed with syrup blended with flowers collected on the day of spraying. Thereafter mortality
declined with time to a negligible level in bees fed syrup blended with flowers collected
7 days after spraying. /Propoxur was/ compared
for hazard to honeybees on the basis of the time required for mortality recorded in a
24-period to decline to 20%. With this criterion ... /propoxur/
was one of the most hazardous of the insecticides tested.
Propoxur, a carbamate anticholinesterase
pesticide, used in flea collars for dogs, caused miosis during the first week the collars
were worn.
Effect in vitro of propoxur on the specific
activity of calcium stimulated ATPase and calcium uptake was studied in the rat brain
synaptosomes. The data suggest that propoxur
might disrupt the synaptic function by altering the calcium dependent ATP hydrolysis and
calcium uptake in the central nervous system.
Modulations in ionic composition were seen in the rat brain during propoxur
treatment indicating an impairment in the electric activity of neurons, oxygen
consumption, ATPase system, disruption in the movement of ions across inonic pumps and
synaptic transmission. The specific activity levels of ATPase were also altered confirming
that the impairment in the ATPase system might be due to the ionic imbalances under propoxur stress.
Non-Human Toxicity Values:
LD50 Domestic goat male 12 mo of age oral > 800 mg/kg male 12 mo of age
LD50 Rat acute oral 95 to 104 mg/kg
LD50 Rat dermal >1000 mg/kg
Ecotoxicity Values:
LD50 Bullfrog male oral 595 mg/kg (95% confidence limit 500-707 mg/kg)
LD50 Canada goose male, female oral 5.95 mg/kg (95% confidence limit 4.89-7.24 mg/kg)
LD50 Mallard female 4-6 mo of age oral 11.9 mg/kg (95% confidence limit 10.0-14.1
mg/kg)
LD50 Mallard female 4-6 mo of age oral oral 9.44 mg/kg (95% confidence limit 7.49-11.9
mg/kg)
LD50 Sharp-tailed grouse 12-48 mo of age oral 120 mg/kg (95% confidence limit 84.8-170
mg/kg)
LD50 California quail female 3-7 mo of age oral 25.9 mg/kg (95% confidence limit
14.9-45.0 mg/kg)
LD50 Japanese quail female 20 mo of age oral 28.3 mg/kg (95% confidence limit 20.0-40.0
mg/kg)
LD50 Pheasant males 3-5 mo of age oral 20.0 mg/kg (95% confidence limit 10.0-40.0
mg/kg)
LD50 Chukar male, female 4-6 mo of age oral 23.8 mg/kg (95% confidence limit 20.0-28.3
mg/kg)
LD50 Sandhill crane male, female oral more than 60.0 mg/kg
LD50 Rock dove male, female oral 60.4 mg/kg (95% confidence limit 38.0-96.1 mg/kg)
LD50 Morning dove male, female oral 4.20 mg/kg (95% confidence limit 3.54-5.00 mg/kg)
LD50 House sparrow female adult oral 12.8 mg/kg (95% confidence limit 9.26-17.8 mg/kg)
LD50 House finch male, female adult oral 3.55 mg/kg (95% confidence limit 2.25-5.69
mg/kg)
LD50 Dark-eyed junco male adult oral 4.76 mg/kg (95% confidence limit 4.00-5.70 mg/kg)
LD50 Mule deer oral 100-350 mg/kg female 11 mo of age
LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 8.8 mg/l/96 hr (confidence limit 7.4 - 10.5
mg/l), flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 22.5 deg C, dissolved oxygen
7.5 mg/l, hardness 45.4 mg/l calcium carbonate, alkalinity 40.0 mg/l calcium carbonate and
pH 7.6.
EC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 9.0 mg/l/96 hr (confidence limit 7.7 - 10.5
mg/l), flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 22.5 deg C, dissolved oxygen
7.5 mg/l, hardness 45.4 mg/l calcium carbonate, alkalinity 40.0 mg/l calcium carbonate and
pH 7.6. Effect: loss of equilibrium.
LC50 Coturnix >5,000 ppm (95% confidence interval) /Conditions of bioassay not
specified/
LC50 Gammarus fasciatus 50 ug/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/
LC50 Chironomus riparius 64.4 ppb/24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/
LC50 Gammarus lacustris 34 ug/l/96 hr at 21 deg C (95% confidence interval), Static
bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and
alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l.
LC50 Pteronarcys 18 ug/l/96 hr at 15 deg C (95% confidence interval), Static bioassay
without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and
alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l.
LC50 Rainbow trout 8200 ug/l/96 hr at 13 deg C (95% confidence interval), Static
bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and
alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l.
LC50 Fathead minnow 25,000 ug/l/96 hr at 18 deg C (95% confidence interval), Static
bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and
alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l.
LC50 Bluegill 4800 ug/l/96 hr at 24 deg C (95% confidence interval), Static bioassay
without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and
alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l.
Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics:
Metabolism/Metabolites:
O-ISOPROPOXYPHENYL N-METHYLCARBAMATE YIELDS 4-HYDROXY-2-ISOPROPOXYPHENYL
N-METHYLCARBAMATE, 2-HYDROXYPHENYL N-METHYLCARBAMATE, & O-ISOPROPOXYPHENYL
N-HYDROXYMETHYLCARBAMATE IN BEAN. /FROM TABLE/
O-ISOPROPOXYPHENYL N-METHYLCARBAMATE YIELDS 5-HYDROXY-2-ISOPROPOXYPHENYL
N-METHYLCARBAMATE, 2-HYDROXYPHENYL N-METHYLCARBAMATE, O-ISOPROPOXYPHENOL,
O-ISOPROPOXYPHENYL N-HYDROXYMETHYLCARBAMATE IN RAT. /FROM TABLE/
O-ISOPROPOXYPHENYL N-METHYLCARBAMATE YIELDS O-ISOPROPOXYPHENYL N-HYDROXYMETHYLCARBAMATE
IN MOUSE. /FROM TABLE/
IN ... STUDIES WITH ... MUSCA DOMESTICA L ... /METABOLITES WERE/ (IN ORDER OF DECR
AMT): 5-HYDROXY-2-ISOPROPOXYPHENYL METHYLCARBAMATE, 2-HYDROXYPHENYL METHYLCARBAMATE &
ACETONE, 2-ISOPROPOXYPHENYL N-HYDROXYMETHYLCARBAMATE, & 2-ISOPROPOXYPHENYL CARBAMATE.
THERE WERE 6 OR MORE ADDNL UNIDENTIFIED CMPD.
When the tert-carbon of 2-isopropoxy group of propoxur
is oxidized to form a hemiketal, mono-N-methylcarbamoylcatechol is produced as a
hydrolyzed metabolite that can normally be detected as 2-isopropoxyphenol by hydrolysis of
the carbamoyl ester linkage, although this phenol has still not been detected. The
5-position of the phenyl ring is selectively metabolized in insects and their microsomes.
Absorption, Distribution & Excretion:
LIKE HOUSEFLIES, RAT ... DEGRADES ARPROCARB ... WITH 30% OF APPLIED DOSE EXPIRED AS CO2
WITHIN 48-HR ... .
WHEN FED TO HUMANS, BAYGON WAS RECOVERED FROM
URINE ALMOST QUANTITATIVELY AS O-ISOPROPOXYPHENOL, PROBABLY EXCRETED AS GLUCURONIDE ... .
Using published human data on skin to urine and blood to urine transfer of /propoxur/, ... the skin to blood transfer rates were
estimated by 2 numerical deconvolution techniques. Regular constrained deconvolution
produced an estimated upper limit on cumulative dermal absorption of the radiolabel, while
minimized deconvolution produced an upper bound on cumulative dermal absorption of the
parent cmpd. Dermal absorption rate was largest within 8 hr of dosing for /propoxur/. ...
Carbamates are readily absorbed through the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin.
Absorption by the respiratory tract depends on the vapor pressure of individual
insecticides; carbaryl and aldicarb display low inhalation toxicity because of their high
pressures. The lungs readily absorb propoxur (Baygon).
The hazard presented by application of insecticides to indoor surfaces where dermal
exposure (and oral exposure in infants) may occur was investigated. Worst case assumptions
for an infant playing in a room were used to calculate exposure for infant inhalation
exposure, dermal exposure through contact with the floor and oral exposures due to
hand/mouth contact. Surface exposure and total absorption were calculated for
chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, and propoxur. The dose
calculated with each of these insecticides might reach toxic levels, particularly to an
infant. Dose calculations did not consider metabolic breakdown or cumulative effects. Data
necessary for determining that the levels of insecticides in the air and on treated
surfaces will not be injurious to human health would include the bioavailability of
surface residues, rate of transfer from surfaces and dose response data. According to the
authors, risk assessments based on health protective assumptions should be used in the
meantime to decide the safety of various components.
Mechanism of Action:
Carbamylation of acetylcholinesterase produces accumulation of acetylcholine and the
picture of muscarinic and nicotinic poisoning. Spontaneous hydrolysis of the
carbamate-cholinesterase complex occurs in vivo, leading to the disappearance of clinical
effects within 24 hours. Penetration of the blood-brain barrier by the carbamates is
insignificant; for this reason, few CNS symptoms occur.
Pharmacology:
Therapeutic Uses:
MEDICATION (VET): EFFECTIVE AGAINST FLEAS & TICKS ON CATTLE, HORSE, CATS, &
DOGS ... & SARCOPTIC MANGE OF CATTLE ... PROTECTION AGAINST TICKS APPEARS TO WANE
AFTER 1 WK.
Environmental Fate & Exposure:
Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary:
Propoxur, known chemically by
o-isopropoxyphenyl N-methylcarbamate or 2-(1-methylethoxy)phenol methylcarbamate, is an
insecticide and molluscide characterized by a fast knockdown and long residual effect. It
will be released to the environment when it is applied as a spray or dust or used in bait
to control household pests as well as lawn and garden insects. If released on soil it
would not adsorb strongly to the soil. In one field study, 75% of propoxur
disappeared from sandy soil in 100 days but levels were virtually unchanged in muck and
silt loam soils. However, the rate of biodegradation is markedly increased when the soil
has been previously exposed to methylcarbamate pesticides. Additionally, abiotic
hydrolysis should be important in alkaline soils. Propoxur
is readily degradable in water (half-life from 1 day to 1 week). In surface layers of
water it will photolyze relatively rapidly, especially when humic material is present
(half-life 13 - 88 hr). Degradability increases with temperature, high microbial
populations, the presence of mud and biota, and increasing pH. Volatilization, adsorption
to sediment and bioconcentration in fish should not be important fate processes. Propoxur would be released into the atmosphere
primarily as a dust or aerosol and be subject to gravitational settling. The vapor phase
chemical should react with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals and have a half-life
of about 4 hr. People will primarily be exposed to propoxur
where it is used to control insects, both indoors and outdoors. (SRC)
Probable Routes of Human Exposure:
People may be exposed to propoxur in indoor
air via inhalation or dermal contact where it is used to control cockroaches, flies and
mosquitoes and outdoors when it is used to control lawn and turf insects(1). Exposure
would be particularly high indoors(SRC).
Propoxur was detected in 6 of 9 personal air
samples of retired or semiretired persons in a pilot project of pesticide exposure(3). The
concentrations measured ranged up to 0.60 ug/cu m, 0.10 ug/cu m, mean. Outside these
houses, on the patio or porch, 4 of the nine samples contained propoxur
ranging up to 0.0039 ug/cu m, 0.0034 ug/cu m, mean.
Artificial Pollution Sources:
Propoxur is a nonsystemic insecticide and
molluscide which was introduced in 1959 in Germany(2,4). It is characterized as having a
fast knockdown and long residual effect(3). It may be released to the environment during
its manufacture, transport, formulation, use, and disposal, as well as from spills.
According to a National Pesticide Usage database, it is estimated that 51,200 lbs of propoxur are consumed annually for pesticidal use(1).
It is available as an emulsifiable concentrate, wettable powder, dust or bit and is
recommended for use against household pests such as cockroaches, mosquitoes, and flies,
for control of lawn and turf insects, aphids, wooly aphids, bugs, and leafhoppers(3).
Environmental Fate:
/TERRESTRIAL FATE:/ 25% OF APPLIED BAYGON WAS
LOST FROM SAND IN 100 DAYS, BUT ... PRACTICALLY NO DECLINE IN SILT-LOAM SOIL DURING 6 MO
PERIOD
TERRESTRIAL FATE: Propoxur is not strongly
adsorbed to soil and is highly persistent in neutral and acid soils. While 75% of the
insecticide degraded in 100 days in a sandy soil, in a muck and silt loam soil, virtually
no loss occurred during the same period and the propoxur
persisted in these soils beyond six months(1). Other studies show that when the resident
microorganisms are acclimated to methylcarbamate pesticides, biodegradation is markedly
enhanced and in one study propoxur had largely
disappeared in one day. Since propoxur
hydrolyzes in basic media (half-life 16 days at pH 8), this process would be expected to
contribute to propoxur loss in alkaline
soil(SRC).
AQUATIC FATE: Propoxur was found to be
readily degradable in water. It was degraded in a model aquatic ecosystem containing the
standard food chain members, algae, daphnia, mosquito larvae, snails, and fish(3), and
highly biodegradable in components of a model terrestrial-aquatic ecosystem containing the
same food chain members in the aqueous compartment(1). After 1 month, observed
concentrations of propoxur were: 0.2 ppb in
water, 15 ppb in snails, 50 ppb in fish, and traces in mosquito larvae(1). It was the
second most labile of 9 pesticides dosed in lighted, agitated river water. The half-lives
of the 9 pesticides ranged from 0.42 for carbaryl to 11.91 for lindane; the specific
half-life of propoxur was not reported(2). The
degradation rates were temperature dependent and altered by the presence of mud, aquatic
plants and invertebrates(2). Propoxur has also
been shown to photolyze in waters (half-life 88 hr), and this photolysis is enhanced by
the presence of humic material (half-life 13 - 41 hr)(4). Therefore photolysis may be a
major factor affecting propoxur disappearance in
surface water as exemplified by a 1 week half-life in water from the Little Miami
River(5).
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Propoxur would be primarily
released to the atmosphere in the form of a dust or aerosol during its use as an
insecticide and would be subject to gravitational settling. However propoxur
also has been shown to volatilize from baits. Vapor phase propoxur
resulting from this volatilization is estimated to have a half-life of 4.3 hr with an
average ambient hydroxyl radical concentration of 5X10+5 radicals/cc(1). However indoors,
the half-life should be much longer because the concentration of hydroxyl radicals is
lower(SRC).
Environmental Biodegradation:
Degradation rates of carbofuran were greatly increased by a single 10 ppm carbofuran
pretreatment of a sandy loam soil with no previous history of pesticide use. Thorough
mixing was required to homogeneously distribute the active agent(s). Numbers of bacteria
and fungi were not affected by the pretreatment, but the marked decrease in activity
induced by heat sterilization, freezing, or drying suggests that soil microorganisms are
the active agents. Increased degradation rates for a variety of aryl- and oximino-methyl
carbamates were observed /including propoxur/.
Propoxur is reported to biodegrades quite
rapidly in water, particularly when the bacterial activity and temperature is high(1). In
a biodegradation test which used a combination of activated sludge, silt loam soil, and
sediment as an inoculum, the half-life of propoxur
was 44 days under aerobic conditions and 59 days under anaerobic conditions(3). When
glucose and peptone was added as a source of carbon and energy, the half-life decreased to
19 days under aerobic conditions and increased slightly under anaerobic conditions. When
10 ppb propoxur was added to water from the
Little Miami River (Ohio), a river receiving both domestic and industrial waste and
incubated in closed jars under sunlight and artificial fluorescent light, 50, 70, 90, and
95% was hydrolyzed to its phenol after 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively(2). Small
amounts of propoxur were still present in the
water after 8 weeks. The pH of Miami River water was 7.3 at the start of the experiment
but varied up to 8.0 during the eight-week period. Therefore chemical hydrolysis may have
contributed to the degradation(SRC).
One day after propoxur was applied to a sandy
loam soil with no history of insecticidal treatment, 94% remained(1). However when the
soil was previously treated four times with carbofuran, also a methylcarbamate pesticide,
only 20% of the propoxur remained after 1 day.
This shows that acclimation of resident microorganisms markedly affects the rate of
biodegradation. 2-Isopropoxyphenol is a product of propoxur
biodegradation(2).
Environmental Abiotic Degradation:
HYDROLYZES @ RATE OF 1.5%/DAY IN 1% AQ @ PH 7.
The half-life of propoxur in water was
determined to be 87.9 hr when irradiated with light >290nm(1). When 10 and 100 ppm of
humic acids were added the half-life decreased to 40.8 and 13.0 hr, respectively(1). It
was observed when irradiating solutions of propoxur
with a germicidal lamp (peak wavelength 254 nm), that photodecomposition proceeded at
increasing rates as the pH was increased from 5 to 9; the half-life decreased from 19.0 to
9.0 minutes(5). The primary effect of irradiation is the cleavage of the ester bond and
formation of the phenol(5). The hydrolysis of propoxur
was studied at 20 deg C over a range of pHs(4). It was stable between pH 3.0 and 7.0,
however at pH 8, 9, and 10 hydrolysis was observed and the respective half-lives were 16,
1.6, and 0.17 days(4). Furthermore, the rate of hydrolysis increases by a factor of 2.49
for each 10 deg rise in temperature(4). Propoxur
is unstable in alkaline media, having a half-life of 40 minutes at pH 10 and 20 deg C(2).
It was relatively stable over the course of 14 days at pH 6.9 when used as a control in a
biodegradation experiment, having a half-life of 78 days under aerobic conditions and 124
days under anaerobic conditions(3). 2-Isopropoxyphenol is formed during hydrolysis(2).
Vapor phase propoxur will degrade in the
atmosphere by H-atom extraction and addition to the aromatic ring by photochemically
produced hydroxyl radicals. The estimated half-life resulting from these reactions is 4.3
hr with a hydroxyl radical concentration of 5X10+5 radicals/cc(1). However indoors, the
half-life should be much longer because the concentration of hydroxyl radicals is
lower(SRC).
Environmental Bioconcentration:
Bioconcentration factor = 9 (calculated from water solubility by regression equations).
/From table/
Using the recommended water octanol/water partition coefficient for propoxur,
1.52(1), one estimates a BCF of 8.4 using a recommended regression equation(2). Therefore propoxur would not be expected to bioconcentrate
significantly in fish and aquatic organisms.
Soil Adsorption/Mobility:
KOC = 67 (calculated from water solubility by regression equations). /From table/
Using the water solubility, for propoxur,
1750 ppm(2), one estimates a Koc of 72 using a recommended regression equation(3).
Therefore propoxur would not be expected to
adsorb significantly to organic soil. The adsorption of propoxur
to various clays was found to conform with the Freundlich adsorption equation(1). The
Freundlich adsorption constant, K was 0.038 to kaolinite and 0.060 to bentonite and the
1/N exponents in the Freundlich equation were 0.37 and 0.52. The adsorption isotherm is
therefore markedly nonlinear and the adsorptivity low(1).
Soil sorption constants based on the organic carbon content of 15 pesticides were
measured using 2 soils (clay loam and high clay) at 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 ppm pesticide. The
soil sorption coefficients ((ug pesticide/g soil)/(ug pesticide/g water)) for propoxur were 1.7 + or - 0.8 in clay loam and 0.8 + or
- 0.3 in high clay soil. The soil sorption constants were 41 and 53 respectively, with a
mean of 47. Significant correlations were found between organic carbon content and water
solubility, octanol/water partition coefficient, retention time in reversed phase high
pressure liquid chromatography and molecular wt.
Volatilization from Water/Soil:
The Henry's law constant for propoxur
calculated from its vapor pressure, 3X10-6 mm Hg at 20 deg C(1), and water solubility,
1750 ppm(2), is 0.444X10-9 atm-cu m/mol. Volatilization from water for compounds with such
low Henry's law constants would be negligible.
Environmental Water Concentrations:
SURFACE WATER: After propoxur was aerially
applied around Winnipeg, Manitoba for mosquito control, half of the samples collected from
surface water in and around the city was positive for the insecticide(1). The highest
level was 36.4 ppb, in a creek 12 hr after spraying. Four other samples were in excess of
17.5 ppb.
Atmospheric Concentrations:
INDOOR AIR: The airborne concentration of propoxur
after application as a 1.1% emulsion to a 61.2 cu m dormitory room whose approximate
temperature and humidity was 25 deg C and 60%, respectively was 15.4 ug/cu m(1). After 1,
2, and 3 days, the levels declined to 2.7, 1.8, and 0.7 ug/cu m, respectively. Prior to
treatment, no propoxur was detectable. In
another study, 36 2.5 x 1.0 cm insecticide strips containing 10% propoxur
were placed in a 30 cu m room maintained at 25 deg C and 50% relative humidity and
ventilated at 8-10 air exchanges per hour(2). Half of the strips were placed on the floor
and half attached to the wall at 1 m height. The strips produced a vapor concentration
which ranged between 0.33 and 0.79 ug/cu m over the 30 day period in which sampling was
conducted(2). Propoxur was detected in the
indoor air of 7 of 9 households in a pilot project of pesticide exposure(3). Areas of high
household activity such as the kitchen were sampled. The concentrations measured ranged
from not detected to 0.31 ug/cu m, 0.042 ug/cu m, mean. Outside these houses, on the patio
or porch, 4 of the nine samples contained propoxur
ranging up to 0.0039 ug/cu m, 0.0034 ug/cu m, mean.
Food Survey Values:
A non-random sampling of 39 different fresh crops, dehydrated apples, crackers, and
wines analyzed for carbamate residues (319 samples), found 1 sample of rice and 1 of
crackers containing propoxur residue of 8.1 and
0.08 ppm, respectively(1).
Environmental Standards & Regulations:
Acceptable Daily Intakes:
FAO/WHO ADI: 0.02 mg/kg bw
Atmospheric Standards:
Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious
health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards
requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is
required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air
emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Propoxur
is included on this list.
Federal Drinking Water Guidelines:
EPA 3 ug/l
State Drinking Water Guidelines:
(AZ) ARIZONA 3 ug/l
(CA) CALIFORNIA 90 ug/l
(FL) FLORIDA 28 ug/l
(ME) MAINE 3 ug/l
Chemical/Physical Properties:
Molecular Formula:
C11-H15-N-O3
Molecular Weight:
209.24
Color/Form:
MINUTE CRYSTALS
WHITE TO TAN CRYSTALLINE SOLID
White to tan, crystalline powder.
Odor:
Faint, characteristic odor.
Melting Point:
91.5 DEG C
Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient:
log Kow = 1.52
Solubilities:
SOL IN METHANOL, ACETONE, & MANY ORG SOLVENTS; SLIGHTLY SOL IN COLD HYDROCARBONS;
SOL IN WATER ABOUT 0.2% @ 20 DEG C
water solubility = 1860 mg/l @ 30 deg C
Spectral Properties:
Intense mass spectral peaks: 110 m/z (100%), 152 m/z (18%), 111 m/z (10%), 81 m/z (10%)
Intense mass spectral peaks: 209 m/z
Vapor Pressure:
3X10-6 mm Hg at 20 deg C
Other Chemical/Physical Properties:
DECOMP @ HIGH TEMP FORMING METHYL ISOCYANATE
Vapor pressure: 1.3 Pa @ 120 Deg C
Chemical Safety & Handling:
Hazardous Reactivities & Incompatibilities:
Believed compatible with most insecticides, fungicides, except alkalines.
Strong oxidizers, alkalis [Note: Emits highly toxic methyl isocyanate fumes when heated
to decomposition].
Hazardous Decomposition:
DANGEROUS. WHEN HEATED TO DECOMP IT EMITS HIGHLY TOXIC FUMES. /SRP: OF METHYL
ISOCYANATE/
Protective Equipment & Clothing:
PROTECTIVE MEASURES SHOULD INCL CLEAN OVERALLS DAILY, ... IMPERVIOUS SHOES, RUBBER
GLOVES (MIXER ONLY), WASHING OF HANDS & FACE FOLLOWING EACH PUMP CHARGE ... .
Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.
Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.
Preventive Measures:
SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that
there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the
clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures
should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse
by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should
remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.
The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift.
Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and
replaced.
Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated
clothing before leaving the work premises.
Stability/Shelf Life:
UNSTABLE IN HIGHLY ALKALINE MEDIA, 50% LOSS @ 20 DEG C IN 40 MIN @ pH 10
Shipment Methods and Regulations:
No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in
commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is
properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as
required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for
transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a
number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such
substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should
always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when
shipping any substance or article.
Storage Conditions:
Store in original container, preferably in locked area, away from children, food, feed.
Cleanup Methods:
Facultative and aerobic digesters for livestock wastes were used to degrade pesticide
materials, ie ... Baygon, in the lab. Three
different animal wastes were used as digester media for the process: swine, chicken, and
dairy cattle manure. Process effects on disappearance of /Baygon/
was observed over periods of 0-8 wk (facultative) and 0-6 wk (aerobic). Disappearance
ranged 10-72% under facultative conditions, and 29-100% under aerobic conditions. ...
The Carbolator 35B, a recirculatory C filtration system, successfully treated pesticide
wastes in both pilot-scale and field tests. In pilot-scale tests, the system was
challenged with 400 gal of water containing 20, 60, and 100 mg/l of Baygon.
The pesticide waste was pumped through the Carbolator and returned to the waste holding
tank. The tank contents were analyzed by gas chromatography and TLC. A TLC method was
developed to perform pesticide anal in the field. A simple lab recirculating system using
4 liter of waste was also built to simulate the Carbolator system. A math model was
developed to predict the disappearance of the pesticides from the waste holding tank.
Disposal Methods:
Hydrolysis & landfill: Propoxur is
hydrolyzed in highly alkaline media, with 50% loss at 20 deg C in 40 min at pH 10. It
should be treated with alkali before burial. Recommendable method: Incineration.
Peer-review: Large amt should be incinerated in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing.
(Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))
Occupational Exposure Standards:
OSHA Standards:
Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 0.5 mg/cu m is still enforced in some states.
Threshold Limit Values:
8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.5 mg/cu m
Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed three
times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 min during a work day, and under no
circumstances should they exceed five times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not
exceeded.
A3. A3= Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.
NIOSH Recommendations:
Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 0.5 mg/cu m.
Manufacturing/Use Information:
Major Uses:
Insecticide; Molluscicide
BAYGON*: EFFECTIVE AGAINST COCKROACHES,
FLIES, MOSQUITOES ... . ALSO ... FOR CONTROL OF WOOLY APHIDS, BUGS, & LEAF HOPPERS.
MEDICATION (VET)
Manufacturers:
MOBAY CHEM CORP, CHEMAGRO AGRICULTURAL DIV, KANSAS CITY, MO
Methods of Manufacturing:
REACTION OF O-ISOPROPOXYPHENOL AND METHYL ISOCYANATE
General Manufacturing Information:
NON-PHYTOTOXIC
Its use for malaria control has tended to emphasize /propoxur's/
vapor toxicity to mosquitoes. Test mosquitoes may be killed by overnight exposure in a
cage in the center of a room as long as 30 weeks after spraying. In villages with houses
close together, the lethal effect soon after spraying may extend outdoors from house to
house in the entire center of the village and decline only gradually on the edges of the
village. This vapor action appears advantageous in areas where malaria mosquitoes enter
houses and bite people but do not rest long enough on sprayed surfaces to acquire a lethal
dose or in villages where considerable outdoor biting occurs.
Formulations/Preparations:
Emulsifiable concentrate, wettable powder, dustable powder, granular, aerosol
generator, smoke generator and bait /formulations/ of different ai concentrations.
Consumption Patterns:
OVER 50% AS AN INSECTICIDE FOR MOSQUITOES IN OUTDOOR AREAS; UNDER 50% IN ALL OTHER
APPLICATIONS AS AN INSECTICIDE (FOR FLIES ON AGRICULTURAL PREMISES, FOR FLEAS & TICKS
ON PETS, ON LAWNS & TURF, FOR ANTS ON FLOWERING PLANTS, & IN DWELLINGS &
PUBLIC FACILITIES) (1974)
U. S. Production:
(1972) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS
(1974) 1.4X10+8 GRAMS (CONSUMPTION)
U. S. Imports:
(1974) 1.4X10+8 GRAMS (EST)
Laboratory Methods:
Analytic Laboratory Methods:
... UV SPECTROSCOPY AFTER HYDROLYSIS TO 2-ISOPROPOXYPHENOL OR BY IR SPECTROSCOPY.
RESIDUES MAY BE DETERMINED BY GLC OR, AFTER HYDROLYSIS, BY COLORIMETRIC ESTIMATION OF
2-ISOPROPOXYPHENOL.
A procedure is described for the assay of propoxur
by NMR spectroscopy. Methanol was used as known std and tech materials were analyzed and
the results of NMR and liquid chromatography methods were compared. The NMR method is
straightforward, with a precision of + or - 1.6% (95% confidence limits) for 2 sample
weighings.
Four laboratories obtained 177 carbamate recovery values using a liquid chromatographic
method. The average recovery of 11 carbamates ... from 14 crops was 99% with a coefficient
of variation of 8% (0.03-1.8 ppm fortification levels). ... A fifth laboratory contributed
34 carbamate recoveries (average 99%) on table-ready food products for 4 carbamates. Propoxur is quantitatively recovered through the
method. ...
A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of propoxur
in technical and formulated products has been subjected to a collaborative study with 8
participating collaborators. Formulations were extended with methyl cyanate and analyzed
by reversed-phase chromatography with n-butyrophenone as an internal standard. ...
Coefficient of variation values obtained on the 4 samples were 0.34, 0.68, 3.25, and 5.41%
repectively.
Product analysis is by hydrolysis and titration of the liberated methylamine; by ultra
violet spectrometry after hydrolysis to 2-isopropoxyphenol or by infared spectrometry.
The analyte can be extracted and can be chromatographed as determined by Athen-ERL or
S-cubed.
Sampling Procedures:
The insecticide propoxur can be collected at
lower levels of 0.1 ppb using a common gas chromatographic packing material. The method is
simplified by the use of sorbent tubes containing 10% Carbowax 400 on 80/100 mesh
Supelcoport. Percent recovery was determined by drawing air across a polyvinyl chloride
filter spiked with 0.5 or 1.0 mg of propoxur
connected to a sorbent tube. No detectable levels were observed in a ventilated area. To
evaluate the effect of storage, some samples were refrigerated 2 to 3 weeks, and others
were collected in an unventilated storage room treated with propoxur.
No significant difference was found between refrigerated samples and storage room samples
when they were analyzed.
Sampling efficiency of five solid sorbents for trapping airborne pesticides,
Special References:
Synonyms and Identifiers:
Related HSDB Records:
602 [ISOPROPYL PHENYLCARBAMATE]
Synonyms:
58 12 315
**PEER REVIEWED**
Aprocarb
**PEER REVIEWED**
ARPROCARB
**PEER REVIEWED**
Bay 39007
**PEER REVIEWED**
BAY 5122
**PEER REVIEWED**
Bay 9010
**PEER REVIEWED**
BAYER B 5122
**PEER REVIEWED**
BAYER 39007
**PEER REVIEWED**
Baygon
**PEER REVIEWED**
Bifex
**PEER REVIEWED**
Blattanex
**PEER REVIEWED**
Blattosep
**PEER REVIEWED**
Bolfo
**PEER REVIEWED**
Boruho
**PEER REVIEWED**
Brygou
**PEER REVIEWED**
CARBAMIC ACID, METHYL-, O-ISOPROPOXYPHENYL ESTER
**PEER REVIEWED**
Carbamic acid, methyl-, 2-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl ester
**PEER REVIEWED**
Chemagro 9010
**PEER REVIEWED**
DALF DUST
**PEER REVIEWED**
ENT 25,671
**PEER REVIEWED**
ENT-25671
**PEER REVIEWED**
o-IMPC
**PEER REVIEWED**
INVISI-GARD
**PEER REVIEWED**
IPMC
**PEER REVIEWED**
ISOCARB
**PEER REVIEWED**
2-ISOPROPOXYPHENYL N-METHYLCARBAMATE
**PEER REVIEWED**
O-ISOPROPOXYPHENYL METHYLCARBAMATE
**PEER REVIEWED**
O-ISOPROPOXYPHENYL N-METHYLCARBAMATE
**PEER REVIEWED**
O-(2-ISOPROPOXYPHENYL) N-METHYLCARBAMATE
**PEER REVIEWED**
2-ISOPROPOXYPHENYL METHYLCARBAMATE
**PEER REVIEWED**
2-(1-Methylethoxy)phenol methylcarbamate
**PEER REVIEWED**
MROWKOZOL
**PEER REVIEWED**
OMS 33
**PEER REVIEWED**
PHC
**PEER REVIEWED**
PHENOL, 2-(1-METHYLETHOXY)-, METHYLCARBAMATE
**PEER REVIEWED**
Propoksuru (Polish)
**PEER REVIEWED**
PROPOTOX
**PEER REVIEWED**
Propoxure
**PEER REVIEWED**
Propyon
**PEER REVIEWED**
Rhoden
**PEER REVIEWED**
Sendran
**PEER REVIEWED**
Suncide
**PEER REVIEWED**
Tendex
**PEER REVIEWED**
Tugon Fliegenkugel
**PEER REVIEWED**
Unden
**PEER REVIEWED**
Formulations/Preparations:
Emulsifiable concentrate, wettable powder, dustable powder, granular, aerosol
generator, smoke generator and bait /formulations/ of different ai concentrations.
RTECS Number:
NIOSH/FC3150000
Administrative Information:
Hazardous Substances Databank Number: 603
Last Revision Date: 20010808
Last Review Date: Reviewed by SRP on 11/07/1991
Update History:
Field Update on 08/08/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 05/15/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/12/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/28/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 07/27/1999, 4 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/29/1999, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/27/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 11/12/1998, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/16/1998, 7 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 10/17/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 09/17/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 08/12/1997, 5 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 05/08/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 05/01/1997, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/12/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/04/1996, 6 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/11/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/10/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/19/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/20/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/20/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/24/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 12/21/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/02/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/16/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/25/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/07/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 12/14/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 11/27/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/14/1992, 46 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/17/1992, 46 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 01/13/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 11/01/1990, 18 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 05/14/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 03/06/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 01/15/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/11/1990, 17 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 02/10/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/08/1988, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 11/21/1986
Record Length: 89800